中国香港与美国和英国疾控体系对新型冠状病毒感染疫情应对的比较研究  

A comparative study of the response to COVID-19 by the health systems of Hong Kong,China the United States,and the United Kingdom

作　　者：张蓝月 张首创 郭静 简伟研[1] ZHANG Lanyue;ZHANG Shouchuang;GUO Jing;JIAN Weiyan(School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2025年第2期243-251,共9页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中国科协联合国咨商生命科学与人类健康专委会2023年度项目。

摘　　要：对比中国香港与美国和英国疾控体系对新型冠状病毒感染(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情的应对特点和表现,为未来疾控体系的改革提供可借鉴的经验。本研究采用了综合性的方法论框架,其中包括文献分析法、专家访谈法和比较研究,深入探讨和比较中国香港、美国、英国、在应对COVID-19等重大公共卫生事件时的策略和挑战。结果显示,中国香港卫生署采取了紧急措施来保护高龄和易感人群,与社会组织紧密合作,联合社区应对疫情。美国疾病控制与预防中心关键地推动了疫苗的快速研发和普及,并根据不同人群需求,提供针对性建议。英国卫生安全局增强了国家的检测及接触者追踪系统,在志愿者支援下成功实行了规模较大的疫苗接种计划。成熟和专业化的卫生体系是确保社会在突发公共卫生危机中具备复原力的基础。先进的科技和公益性团体在疫情中提供了支持,但英美国家面临政治化等挑战,也突显了科学决策的重要性。现代疾控体系的改革优化应当借鉴国际经验,结合具体情境,为未来公共卫生挑战做好准备。This study compared the characteristics and performance of the health systems in Hong Kong,China,the United States,and the United Kingdom in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic,aiming to provide lessons for future public health system reforms.A comprehensive methodological framework was employed,including literature analysis,expert interviews,and comparative research,to explore and compare the strategies and challenges faced by these regions in managing significant public health events such as COVID-19.The results show that the Hong Kong,China Department of Health implemented emergency measures to protect vulnerable populations,closely collaborating with community organizations to address the pandemic.The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)in the United States played a crucial role in accelerating vaccine development and distribution,offering targeted advice based on the needs of different populations.The UK Health Security Agency enhanced the national testing and contact tracing systems,successfully implementing a large-scale vaccination program with the support of volunteers.A mature and professional healthcare system is fundamental to ensuring societal resilience during public health crises.While advanced technology and non-profit organizations provided critical support during the pandemic,challenges such as political interference in the US and UK highlighted the importance of scientific decision-making.Future reforms of modern public health systems should draw on international experience and adapt to specific contexts to prepare for future public health challenges.

关 键 词：疾控体系 新型冠状病毒 突发公共卫生事件 公共卫生应急响应 

分 类 号：R184[医药卫生—流行病学]