婴儿流行性脑脊髓膜炎的疾病负担与疫苗免疫现状  

Disease burden and vaccine immunization status of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in infants

作　　者：林泊仪 周佳佳 李明爽 张倩[1,2] 闫婷婷 吴丹[1,2] 郑徽[1,2] LIN Boyi;ZHOU Jiajia;LI Mingshuang;ZHANG Qian;YAN Tingting;WU Dan;ZHENG Hui(National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室,中国疾病预防控制中心,北京102206 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2025年第2期252-256,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金-海淀原始创新联合基金(L232072);中国疾病预防控制中心公共卫生应急反应机制运行项目(102393220020010000017)。

摘　　要：流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)是由脑膜炎奈瑟菌引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病,典型临床表现为发热,头痛,呕吐,皮肤黏膜瘀点、瘀斑及颈强直等脑膜刺激征。由于免疫系统发育不完善和流脑菌群变迁等因素,目前1岁以下婴儿是流脑高发人群,然而<1岁流脑患儿的临床表现多不典型,早期与非特异性病毒感染症状相似,增加了对病例早期发现和诊断的难度,疾病负担较重。不同国家和地区根据当地流脑流行情况制定了不同的流脑疫苗免疫程序,疫苗的广泛使用有效地控制了流脑的发病。但随着流脑优势血清群的变迁和免疫逃逸等因素,未来,如何调整和优化不同人群的流脑疫苗免疫策略,值得进一步思考。Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis.The typical clinical symptoms are fever,headache,vomiting,petechiae,purpura,and signs of meningeal irritation,including neck stiffness.Infants under one year of age are particularly at high risk for epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis because of the imperfect immune system development and the change of circulating strains of the bacteria.However,the clinical manifestations in infants under one-year-old are often atypical and resemble early non-specific virus infections,complicating early detection and diagnosis,and leading to a significant disease burden.Different countries and regions have established different immunization programs of meningococcal vaccines according to the local epidemiological patterns of meningococcal disease,and the widespread use of vaccines has effectively controlled the incidence of meningitis.However,with the emergence of dominant serogroups and issues related to immune escape,there is a pressing need to reconsider and optimize vaccination strategies for different populations in the future.

关 键 词：流行性脑脊髓膜炎 婴儿 疫苗免疫 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]