矿业活动影响区土壤采样点布设方案设计与实证  

Design and Demonstration of Soil Sampling Point Layout Scheme in Mining Activities Affected Area

作　　者：张寅桐 郭力娜 贾玉娜 王玲 郭柳娜 谷海红 ZHANG Yintong;GUO Lina;JIA Yuna;WANG Ling;GUO Liuna;GU Haihong(College of Mining Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan,Hebei 063210,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Development and Ecological Restoration of Mineral Resources,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan,Hebei 063210,China;Hebei Industrial Technology Institute of Mine Ecological Remediation,Tangshan,Hebei 063210,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学矿业工程学院,河北唐山市063210 [2]华北理工大学矿产资源绿色开发与生态修复协同创新中心,河北唐山市063210 [3]河北省矿区生态修复产业技术研究院,河北唐山市063210

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2025年第3期196-205,共10页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52204186);河北省自然科学基金项目(E2022209119);河北省教育厅青年基金项目(QN2020149);唐山市应用基础研究科技计划项目(21130204C)。

摘　　要：矿业活动会对矿区及周边土壤造成污染,合理布设采样点对于掌握土壤环境状况、利用遥感反演土壤污染空间格局至关重要。以滦州市某铁矿矿区及周边受矿业活动影响的区域为采样区,按照分区控制原则,将研究区划分为矿业活动直接影响区和矿业活动间接影响区,利用经典统计分析方法计算合理采样数并布设采样格网,基于景观多样性指数和加权平均法,设计土壤重金属监测采样点的布设方案。结果表明:通过不同精度分区合理采样数计算得到215个采样点,其中矿业活动直接影响区通过景观多样性指数筛选出34个格网,共分配196个采样点;矿业活动间接影响区则直接利用加权平均法,通过土地利用类型面积分配19个采样点;经过不同精度、不同方法确定分配林地采样数39个、耕地采样数95个、裸地采样数20个、河滩地采样数16个、尾矿库和矿区采场采样数45个。采样方案基于遥感影像,结合研究区自身地理位置及土地利用类型分布特点,兼顾采样成本等实际情况设计,有助于减少采样工作量。实际采样工作中可能存在矿业活动、地形、水文等不确定因素,因此采样方案还需结合现场情况进行调整。Mining activities will cause contamination to the mining area and the surrounding soil.Reasonable layout of sampling points is very important for mastering the soil environmental conditions and using remote sensing to invert the spatial pattern of soil contamination.Taking an iron mine area in Luanzhou and the surrounding area affected by mining activities as the sampling area,according to the principle of zoning control,the study area was divided into mining activities directly affected area and mining activities indirectly affected area.The classical statistical analysis method was used to calculate the reasonable sampling number and layout the sampling grid.Based on landscape diversity index and weighted average method,the layout scheme of soil heavy metal monitoring sampling points was designed.The results show that 215 sampling points are calculated by reasonable sampling number in different precision partitions.Among them,34 grids are selected by landscape diversity index in mining activities directly affected area,and a total of 196 sampling points are allocated.The mining activities indirectly affected area uses the weighted average method to allocate 19 sampling points through the area of land-use type.After different precision,different methods to determine the distribution of forest land sampling number 39,farmland sampling number 95,bare land sampling number 20,river beach sampling number 16,tailings and mining area stope sampling number 45.The sampling scheme is based on remote sensing images,combined with the geographical location of the study area and the distribution characteristics of land-use types,taking into account the actual situation of sampling costs,which helps to reduce the sampling workload.There may be uncertain factors such as mining activities,topography and hydrology in the actual sampling work,so the sampling scheme needs to be adjusted in combination with the on-site situation.

关 键 词：矿区土壤 经典统计分析 景观多样性指数 采样点布设 

分 类 号：TD926.4[矿业工程—选矿] X833[环境科学与工程—环境工程]