应用3D打印技术制造海洋勘探钻头的可行性研究  

Feasibility Study on the Application of 3D Printing Technology in the Manufacture of Ocean Exploration Drill Bits

作　　者：王建华[1,2] 尹土兵 史洋帆[3] 邹晓波 WANG Jianhua;YIN Tubing;SHI Yangfan;ZOU Xiaobo(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha,Hunan,410012,China;Shenzhen Port Group Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518081,China;College of Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南长沙410012 [2]深圳港集团有限公司,广东深圳市518081 [3]南方科技大学工学院,广东深圳市518055

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2025年第3期206-212,共7页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51971108);广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2020A1515011373);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(20221ZDH04054)。

摘　　要：受高压、水深、复杂地层等因素影响,海底勘探的难度及复杂程度远高于陆地,对钻头的质量及性能提出了更高的要求,甚至要根据特殊需求进行定制化生产。为了及时提供定制化的钻头,创新性地将3D打印技术应用到海洋勘探钻头的生产过程中,以球形碳化钨(WC)、钴(Co)粉末和金刚石颗粒为原材料,提出了选区激光熔化(SLM)技术打印钻头工作层的方法。通过对打印样品致密度及硬度进行测试,优化了打印参数。结果表明,打印态WC-20Co-金刚石块体致密度最高可达13.45 g/cm^(3),硬度可达1455 HV,且在激光功率为220 W和扫描速度400 mm/s的条件下,实现较高质量的成型;最终制备出的碳化钨钴基金刚石钻头样品,硬质合金和钢基体界面两者结合良好。基于3D打印的钻头生产模式可显著缩短制造时间,制造出适应海底各种极端环境和复杂岩层的钻头,及时满足在大洋钻探船上打印钻头的需要。Due to factors such as high pressure,water depth,and complex geological formations,the difficulty and complexity of ocean exploration are much higher than those on land,which puts high demands on the quality and performance of drill bits,and even requires customized production according to special needs.In order to provide customized drill bits in time,3D printing technology has been innovatively applied to the production process of ocean exploration drill bits.Using spherical tungsten carbide(WC),cobalt(Co)powder,and diamond particles as raw materials,a method of selective laser melting(SLM)printing the working layer of drill bits has been proposed.By testing the density and hardness of printed samples,the printing parameters were optimized.The results show that the bulk density of printed WC-20Co-diamond stone can reach up to 13.45 g/cm^(3),and the hardness can reach 1455 HV.Under the conditions of laser power of 220 W and scanning speed of 400 mm/s,high-quality molding can be achieved.The final prepared tungsten carbide cobalt based diamond drill bit sample has a good bonding between the hard alloy and the steel matrix interface.The production mode of drill bits based on 3D printing can significantly shorten the manufacturing time,produce drill bits that are suitable for various extreme environments and complex rock formations on the seabed,and timely meet the needs of printing drill bits on ocean drilling ships.

关 键 词：增材制造 海洋勘探钻头 3D打印 选区激光熔化技术 

分 类 号：TD424[矿业工程—矿山机电] P744[天文地球—海洋科学]