明末东亚海域的跨境人——从作为文学题材的倭寇谈起  

Cross-border People in the East Asian Waters in the Late Ming Dynasty:From Japanese Pirates as Literature Subjects

作　　者：木津祐子 Kizu Yuko(Graduate School of Letters,Kyoto University,Kyoto,Japan)

机构地区：[1]京都大学大学院文学研究科,日本京都

出　　处：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期55-63,共9页Fudan Journal(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：本文以明末两种倭寇题材的小说为分析对象,通过揭示故事结构和小说中描述的倭寇形象与倭寇相关史料的密切联系,探讨当时活跃在东南海域的跨境人的身影。《杨八老越国奇逢》显示出当时的人们对倭寇的形象持有一种较为稳定的共识;《胡少保平倭战功》是充分利用收录在《筹海图编》等著作中的胡宗宪麾下的唐宋派文人的作品而写成的。这些小说诞生之时,中国文坛正处于一种文官与武官、高级文人与白话小说推手之间的距离开始逐渐缩小的状态之中。小说所描写的“倭寇”是明朝晚期东亚海域可自由通商和多民族杂居的状况——史学家称之为“倭寇状态”——的象征。其主角除了倭寇之外,还有寻求互市的民间商人,以及为了获得对中国贸易的权利而独自派遣遣明船的日本战国时期的武将等跨越国境往来的跨境人。这些小说也可以说是一种对湮没在历史长河中的那些跨境人的文字记录。This paper considers,as the object of analysis,two kinds of novels about Japanese pirates in the late Ming Dynasty.Analyzing the close relationship between the image and story structure of Japanese pirates and relevant historical materials,it attempts to explore the figure of people who crossed borders and were active in the southeast sea during that period.Yang Balao Yue Guo Qifeng shows that there was a relatively stable consensus on the image of Japanese pirates at the time;Hu Shaobao Ping Wo Zhangong made full use of the works of the Ming Dynasty literati led by Tang Song school master Hu Zongxian,which were included in Chouhai Tubian and other works.These novels were born when the distance between civil officials and military officials,senior literati and the promoters of vernacular novels began to narrow in the Chinese literary world.The Japanese pirates described in the novel is a symbol of free movement and multi-ethnic coexistence of the southeast sea in the late Ming Dynasty,what historians call the"the situation of Japanese pirates."The main characters are not only Japanese pirates,but also people who crossed the border,such as private merchants seeking mutual markets and military generals in the Warring States period of Japan who sent their own ships to obtain the right to trade with China.These novels can also be regarded as documentary records of the cross-border people,whose stories have drfted away in the vast sea of history.

关 键 词：倭寇 跨境人 白话小说 《日本风土记》 《筹海图编》 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]