师陀《果园城记》中的“写实浪漫主义”——兼谈其感伤主义及国民性批判  

Realistic Romanticism,Sentimentalism and Critique of National Character in Shi Tuo's Records from the Orchard Town

作　　者：徐可君 Xu Kejun(Institute of Arts and Humanities,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文艺术研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期94-102,共9页Fudan Journal(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：师陀的《果园城记》描绘了小镇中形形色色小人物的爱恨情仇,试图挖掘人性中的善恶及其外在表现形式。作者赞扬乡间地位卑微却忍辱负重的女性用质朴甚至愚昧的方式抵抗命运的不公与人性的险恶,批判欺凌老百姓而最终自掘坟墓的乡绅恶霸,展现了不为个人意志所转移的因果轮回。作品中抒发了对时光易逝、人心易变的感慨,体现了感伤主义这一重要的艺术特征。值得注意的是,《果园城记》中独特的第二人称叙述引导读者对小说中的人物作出评价,并通过作者的叙述声音与读者进行虚拟的对话。《果园城记》呈现了一种反抗封建文化传统的现代立场与姿态。史罗甫认为师陀的小说“背离了文学上狭义的现实主义”,这个论断是确切的。师陀的浪漫主义,虽是用一种写实主义的手法来完成的,给人一种“反浪漫主义”的错觉,但其精神底色仍然是浪漫主义。Shi Tuo's short story cycle Records from the Orchard Town(1946)depicts the love and hate of ordinary people in a small town in China,aiming to unravel the good and evil in humanity as well as its external manifestations.The author eulogizes the humble and enduring women in the countryside who fight against the injustices and atrocities in their lives with stubborn and even stupid ways.He also criticizes the local despots and villains who bully ordinary people and thus digging their own graves,which suggests the inevitabilities and causality loops in one's life.Shi Tuo expresses his sorrows towards the fact that all good things come to an end.Besides,the author adopts the secondperson narratives to strike conversations with the readers.Records from the Orchard Town demonstrates a modern stance and a gesture of rebellion against the feudal cultural tradition.Zbigniew Slupski reckons that Shi Tuo's fiction contains a"departure from narrow literary Realism,"which is right to the point.Therefore,Anti-Romanticism is not an accurate phrase to conclude Shi Tuo's fiction since Realistic Romanticism is the defining feature of Records from the Orchard Town.

关 键 词：师陀 写实主义 互文 寓言 浪漫主义 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]