明清长江口南岸滨海水系的结构与功能演变  

The Structure and Functional Evolution of the Coastal Water System on the South Bank of the Yangtze Estuary in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：鲍俊林[1] Bao Junlin(Institute of Chinese Historical Geography,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期137-148,共12页Fudan Journal(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“多源数据融合的近300年长江口滩涂围垦演变及圩田化研究”(项目批准号:42371232);上海市教育委员会科研创新计划(人文社科)重大项目“上海历史气候变化适应格局的差异化过程及发展机制研究”(项目批准号:2021-01-07-00-07-E00123)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明初黄浦江水系的形成导致浦东平原呈现西水东潮的水文格局,清中叶后海涂盐退垦进加快,塘外潮滩水系逐渐转变为塘内航运灌排复合型运河水网,构成黄浦江水系的重要支流系统,奠定了今天浦东水系格局与人工调控的基础,促进了滨海平原灌区发展。明清时期浦东滨海水系演变是以自然潮滩水系为基础,经过盐田与农田水利长期改造、整合灌排需求,形成了与土地利用相适应的运河水网,是对滩涂伸展与盐退垦进的综合响应。在这一过程中,人类筑塘改变了滨海水系分布格局,夹塘则是水环境与水利系统演变的关键机制,对加快滨海水系淡化与盐垦过渡、提高新老圩区水系的连通性与稳定性、追求人地和谐的生产关系发挥了关键作用。客观认识长江口南岸水文环境演变过程,有助于揭示人类在滨海地带生存环境的演变规律、探索构建长江口水文生态调控机制及可持续的环境适应模式。In the early Ming Dynasty,the formation of the Huangpu River water system resulted in a hydrological pattern of westward river and eastward tide in the Pudong Plain.During the mid-Qing Dynasty,salt production and reclamation accelerated in the coastal zone,gradually transforming the tidal flat water system into a canal network for navigation and irrigation within sea dikes construction,and becoming an important tributary system of Huangpu River system.It provided the foundation for today's water system pattern and artificial regulation in Pudong Plain,and promoted development in the coastal plain irrigation area.The evolution of coastal water system during Ming and Qing periods was based on water systems of tidal flat and underwent long-term transformations of water conservancy projects,which formed a canal network that adapted to land use from salt-making to reclamation and integration of irrigation and drainage needs.It was a comprehensive response to both intertidal zones expansion and salt reclamation.In this process,building sea-dikes has changed the distribution pattern of the coastal water system.Especially,multiple sea dikes mechanisms played a crucial role in pursuing harmonious production relationships between humans and nature,including accelerating freshwaterization of coastal water systems and transitioning from salt production to cultivation,and improving of connectivity between new and old polder areas.An objective understanding of historical changes in hydrological environments on the south bank of the Yangtze estuary contribute to reveal the evolution law of human living environment in the coastal area,and explore mechanisms for hydro-ecological regulation at Yangtze River estuary as well as sustainable environmental adaptation models.

关 键 词：滩涂 水系 夹塘 浦东平原 长江口 

分 类 号：TU9[建筑科学]