无人船视角下海盗惩治的机遇、法律挑战与应对  

Opportunities,Legal Challenges,and Responses for Combating Pirates from the Perspective of Unmanned Surface Vessels

作　　者：周雁琳 ZHOU Yanlin(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai,China,201620)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学,上海201620

出　　处：《广东开放大学学报》2025年第1期65-74,共10页JOURNAL OF GUANGDONG OPEN UNIVERSITY

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“军民融合战略下海上通道安全法治保障研究”(18ZDA155)。

摘　　要：随着无人船技术的快速发展,其在海上执法与海洋维权领域的应用潜力逐渐显现,特别是在打击海盗方面展示了独特的战术优势。无人船的运用给海盗惩治带来新的战略机遇的同时,也面临如无人船与海盗船识别困难、无人船操作主体与海盗定义缺陷、海盗行为与反海盗行为认定困难以及技术网络风险等多重挑战。这表明在国际法框架下,应对新型海盗活动的法律需求愈发迫切。有鉴于此,国际社会需加快制定规范和管理无人船国际法律文件,肯定其具有形式上“船舶”的法律地位,并合理赋予无人船操作主体有限船长的地位。与此同时,应针对现代海盗行为的新特征,通过附加条款、区域性协定和司法解释等渐进性调整路径对既有海盗行为的范围进行扩展,以适应无人船在海盗惩治中的特殊需求。此外,为增强无人船内部和外部防御海盗的能力,还应从法律、技术和国际合作层面控制网络风险,推动无人船在维护海洋安全和海权中发挥更积极的作用。With the rapid development of Unmanned Surface Vessels(USVs)technology,their potential applications in maritime law enforcement and maritime rights protection are becoming increasingly prominent,particularly in the fight against piracy,where they demonstrate unique tactical advantages.While the use of USVs offers new strategic opportunities for combating pirates,they also face multiple challenges,such as difficulties in distinguishing between USVs and pirate vessels,definitional shortcomings of piracy in relation to USV operators,challenges in identifying piracy and anti-piracy actions,and technological and network risks.This highlights the growing legal need under international law to address new forms of piracy.Considering this,the international community should expedite the development of international legal documents to regulate and manage USVs,affirm their legal status as"vessels"in form,and reasonably confer limited captain status on USV operators.At the same time,the scope of existing definitions of piracy should be progressively expanded through additional clauses,regional agreements,and judicial interpretations to meet the specific needs of USVs in combating pirates.Furthermore,to enhance the internal and external capabilities of USVs in defending against pirates,it is essential to control cyber risks from legal,technical,and international cooperation perspectives,thus promoting a more active role for USVs in safeguarding maritime security and maritime sovereignty.

关 键 词：无人船 海盗行为 网络风险 海洋安全 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]