法律基座大模型的建构路径与应用展望  

The Construction Path and Application Prospect of a Legal Foundational Large Language Model

作　　者：余茂玉 林志农[1,2] 张承兵 石鹏 Yu Maoyu;Lin Zhinong;Zhang Chengbing;Shi Peng

机构地区：[1]人民法院出版社 [2]人民法院电子音像出版社

出　　处：《数字法治》2025年第1期53-65,共13页DIGITAL LAW

摘　　要：在科技创新的浪潮中,人工智能受到国家战略层面的高度重视,法律行业也积极探索与大语言模型的融合,相关政策陆续出台。然而,法律行业应用大语言模型面临诸多挑战,包括数据合规性存疑、内容安全受到威胁、专业性难以保障以及司法责任界定不明等问题。本文聚焦于法律基座大模型在法律行业的构建路径与发展。首先,从国家战略大力推进以及行业特性导致供需迫切这两个维度,深入阐述了大语言模型技术与法律行业的高度适配性。其次,结合法律行业的特殊性,论证了构建法律基座大模型的必要性,并详细分析了其在数据语料、内容安全、专业性和司法伦理、行业的稳定安全供给和便捷普惠满足公众的需求等方面的具体要求。在此基础上,从顶层设计、分类汇聚语料、建立安全机制、配套评测体系以及搭建知识工程、落实国家公共数据战略等多个维度,提出了法律基座大模型的架构路径,并揭示了法律基座大模型能够为法律行业提供强有力的支撑,在技术和应用层面展现出广阔的前景。法律基座大模型不仅能够提供多样化的法律服务,还有助于促进公正司法和法治建设,推动社会主义司法文明迈向更高水平。In the wave of scientific and technological innovation,artificial intelligence(AI)has garnered great attention at the national strategic level.The legal industry is also actively exploring the integration with large language models(LLMs),and relevant policies have been successively promulgated to facilitate this integration.However,the application of LLMs in the legal industry faces many challenges,giving rise to questions concerning data compliance,content security,professionalism,and unclear judicial responsibilities.This paper focuses on the construction path and development of a legal foundational LLM in the legal industry.Firstly,it elaborates on the high compatibility of LLM technology with the legal industry from two dimensions:the strong support from the national strategy and the urgent needs from supply and demand sides based on the legal industry characteristics.Secondly,considering the particularity of the legal industry,it argues the necessity of constructing a legal foundational LLM and analyzes in detail the specific requirements in aspects such as data corpora,content security,professionalism and judicial ethics,stable and secure supply of the legal industry,and meeting the public needs conveniently and inclusively.In this context,this paper proposes the construction path of a legal foundational LLM from multiple dimensions:a top-level design,classified aggregation of corpora,security mechanisms,supporting evaluation systems,knowledge engineering,and implementation of the national public data strategy.By this way,it indicates that the legal foundational LLM can provide robust support for the legal industry,has broad prospects in both technological and application aspects,provide diversified legal services,promote fair justice and the rule of law,and drive the socialist judicial civilization to a higher level.

关 键 词：法律大模型 基座大模型 法律大数据 知识工程 司法伦理 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]