数字经济“效率正义” 的法治建构——基于电商主播民事责任承担的研究  

The Construction of"Efficiency Justice"in Digital Economy Based on the Rule of Law--A Study on Civil Liability of Live Streamers on E-commerce Platforms

作　　者：黄尹旭 刘昭 Huang Yinxu;Liu Zhao

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]中国人民大学中华法治文明高等研究院

出　　处：《数字法治》2025年第1期133-143,共11页DIGITAL LAW

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“数据要素收益分配法律问题研究”(项目编号:24AZD021)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：电商主播介入“平台—商家—消费者”三元电商结构,形成了更为复杂的四元电商法律结构,导致消费者辨别责任主体困难、求偿不便、维权效率低。法律责任承担的公平既在于分配,亦在于顺次。消费者的主张并不总是正当合理的,但赋能其提出主张的能力仍是数字经济时代重要的法治目标。主播向消费者对商品或服务的描述和许诺,应当视为合同条款的组成部分。基于“权责利效相统一”原则,主播违反许诺的,应对消费者承担相应民事责任,特别是超越复杂法律关系先行赔付,并承担更多举证责任。此外,亦可探索对四元结构中关键性合同条款作一定备案与披露。The introduction of e-commerce live streaming into the traditional"platform-merchantconsumer"ternary e-commerce structure has given rise to a more intricate quaternary legal structure,which leads to the difficulty for consumers in identifying responsible entities,seeking compensation,and protecting their rights efficiently.Fairness in legal liability lies both in allocation and sequence.While consumers'claims are not always justified,empowering them to make claims remains a crucial goal of the rule of law in the era of digital economy.Descriptions and promises made by live streamers to consumers regarding goods or services should be regarded as integral parts of contractual terms.In cases where live streamers breach their promises,based on the principle of"integration of liabilities,rights,interests,and efficiency",they should bear corresponding civil liabilities,particularly by compensating consumers first before making clear the complex legal relationships as well as bearing a heavier burden of proof.Additionally,we can also explore the filing and disclosure of key contractual terms within the quaternary structure.

关 键 词：直播销售 电商纠纷 效率正义 先行赔付 用户中心主义 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]