民事强制执行视域下数字资产的界定路径  

The Approach to Defining Digital Assets in the Perspective of Civil Compulsory Enforcement

作　　者：吴俐[1] 杨馥源 Wu Li;Yang Fuyuan

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学法学院 [2]华东政法大学法律学院

出　　处：《数字法治》2025年第1期144-158,共15页DIGITAL LAW

摘　　要：数据现如今充斥着我们的生活,其中部分数据的集合具有财产属性,构成数字资产。但随着科学技术的发展,数字资产的界定标准日益困难。本文通过观察民事强制执行视域下的财产,为数字资产的界定提供路径,以促进财产权理论的发展。作为执行标的的财产兼具事实上与法律上的可执行性,且与实体法上的财产在范围上基本同一。相比之下,事实上的可执行性与财产的本质有关,是更为基本的属性,其内含“可明确性”“可评估性”和“可转让性”三个具体要素,分别与传统财产权理论中的“普遍性”“排他性”和“可转让性”相对应,在判断上更具实操性。以事实上的可执行性为评价基准,可以构建出数字资产的界定路径。Nowadays,data permeates our lives.The set of some data possesses proprietary attributes,thus constitutes digital assets.As science and technology advance,the criteria for defining digital assets have become increasingly blurred.This article provides an approach to defining digital assets by observing the property for civil compulsory enforcement so as to contribute to the development of property rights theory.Property serving as the object of civil enforcement possesses both factual and legal enforceability,and is essentially the same in scope as property under substantive law.In contrast,factual enforceability,which relates to the nature of property,is a more fundamental attribute.It encompasses three specific elements of"identifiability","assessability",and"transferability",which correspond to the three elements of"universality","exclusivity",and"transferability"in the traditional property rights theory,and is more operational when making judgment.Using factual enforceability as the benchmark for evaluation,we can construct an approach to defining digital assets.

关 键 词：民事强制执行 数字资产 数据 可执行性 财产权 界定路径 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]