从形式、实质到程序:商谈导向的法治进路  

From Formal,Substantive to Procedural:Discourse-oriented Approach to the Rule of Law

作　　者：严文俊 Yan Wenjun(Maritime Law and Traffic Management College of Guangzhou Maritime University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510725)

机构地区：[1]广州航海学院海事法律与交通管理学院,广东广州510725

出　　处：《理论观察》2025年第3期75-80,共6页Theoretic Observation

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金“法文化视域下中华民族共同体意识的形成过程和实践路径研究”(项目编号:22YJA820020)。

摘　　要：关于如何理解法治的概念,学界仍然存在着理论争鸣。形式法治论者主张,在法治国家中,法律必须符合形式合法性原则;而实质法治论者主张,法律不仅必须符合形式合法性原则,而且还必须符合公平正义、人的尊严等实质价值。形式法治论的缺陷在于无法从根本上摆脱从规则之治滑向专制的困境;而实质法治论的缺陷在于难以妥善处理实质价值和规则的冲突,容易导致公权力机关漠视规则的风险。程序法治论通过法律程序为理性商谈提供了制度平台,进而立足于多元主体的理性商谈为法律制度提供了证成,维系了法的安定性和正确性的妥当平衡。There are still theoretical debates on how to understand the concept of the rule of law.Formal conception of the rule of law advocates argue that in a country governed by the rule of law,laws must conform to the principle of formal legitimacy;while substantive conception of the rule of law advocates argue that laws must not only conform to the principles of formal legitimacy,but also must conform to substantive values such as fairness,justice,and human dignity.The flaw of the formal conception of the rule of law theory is that it cannot fundamentally get rid of the dilemma of slipping from the rule of law to autocracy;while the flaw of substantive conception of the rule of law is that it is difficult to properly handle the conflict between substantive values and rules,which easily leads to the risk of public power agencies ignoring the rules.Procedural conception of the rule of law provides an institutional platform for rational discourse by pluralistic subjects through legal procedures,and then provides justification for the legal system based on rational discourse,maintaining an appropriate balance between the stability and correctness of the law.

关 键 词：形式法治 实质法治 法律程序 商谈 程序法治 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学]