治理现代化背景下村民自治实践与基层民主发展  

Villagers'Self-Governance Practices and the Development of Primary-Level Democracy Under the Background of Governance Modernization

作　　者：纪芳[1] JI Fang(School of Sociology,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《求实》2025年第2期96-108,M0006,共14页Truth Seeking

摘　　要：改革开放以来,我国农村基层民主建设取得显著成就,但仍面临发展不平衡不充分的问题,这与不同地区村民自治的具体实践紧密相关。当前,我国村民自治实践呈现行政主导的控制型自治、私人主导的失控型自治、规则主导的均衡型自治等3种类型,分别形塑出程序性民主、工具性民主、协商性民主等不同的基层民主形态。从村庄层面看,农村基层民主非均衡发展的内在逻辑在于村级权力配置模式及其运行规则的差异,村级权力向行政力量或私人力量集中化配置塑造出有名无实的形式化民主,而向村庄社会的民主化配置则有利于实质性民主的发展。推进农村基层民主发展,要充分把握基层民主的非均衡实践,加强村级权力民主化配置,以民主化与规范化协调发展助力基层治理现代化。Since the reform and opening-up,China's primary-level democracy in rural areas has made significant achievements,yet it still faces challenges of unbalanced and inadequate development,which are closely related to the specific practices of villagers'self-governance in different regions.Currently,villagers'self-governance practices in China present three types:administration-led controlled type,individual-led unregulated type,and rule-led balanced type.These respectively shape distinct forms of primary-level democracy,namely procedural democracy,instrumental democracy,and deliberative democracy.At the village level,the internal logic of the uneven development of rural primary-level democracy lies in the differences in power allocation modes and operational rules.The centralized allocation of village power to the administrative or private forces shapes the nominal,formalized democracy,while democratized power allocation within village societies fosters substantive democracy.To advance rural primary-level democracy,it is essential to fully recognize its uneven practical dynamics,strengthen democratized power allocation at the village level,and promote the coordinated development of democratization and standardization to support the modernization of primary-level governance.

关 键 词：乡村治理 村民自治 控制型自治 失控型自治 均衡型自治 程序性民主 工具性民主 协商性民主 

分 类 号：D638[政治法律—政治学] D616[政治法律—中外政治制度]