陆相湖盆细粒沉积岩有机质富集影响因素与模式研究进展  

Influence factors and models of organic matter enrichment in fine-grained sedimentary rocks of lacustrine basin

作　　者：周杰 孙雨[1,2] 吴科睿 闫百泉[1,2] 杨大明 于涛 徐梓轩[1] 白仕鑫 ZHOU Jie;SUN Yu;WU Kerui;YAN Baiquan;YANG Daming;YU Tao;XU Zixuan;BAI Shixin(School of Earth Science,Northeast Petroleum University,Daqing,Heilongjiang,163318;Sanya Offshore Oil&Gas Research Institute,Northeast Petroleum University,Sanya,Hainan,572024)

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学地球科学学院,黑龙江大庆163318 [2]东北石油大学三亚海洋油气研究院,海南三亚572024

出　　处：《地质论评》2025年第2期421-438,共18页Geological Review

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(编号:ZD2023D002)的成果。

摘　　要：高含量有机质是陆相湖盆细粒沉积岩油气富集的物质基础,而有机质的富集通常具有层状和带状的特征,在空间分布上展现出明显的非均质性,对陆相页岩油勘探、页岩油成藏机理的研究及开发成本控制带来了重大挑战。因此,陆相页岩油气储层有机质富集机理与非均质分布等关键科学问题仍然需要进一步阐明。通过综述有机质的来源、沉积与埋藏过程,强调该过程的复杂性受到有机质类型多样性的控制。整个过程涉及复杂的生物化学与电化学反应。进一步分析了古气候、古介质和古地理等因素对有机质生产、分解、保存和稀释的重要影响。结合我国陆相含页岩油气盆地的地质特征,总结并划分了3类陆相湖盆细粒沉积岩有机质富集模式,即咸水坳陷型“生产力”模式、咸水断陷型“混合”模式和淡水坳陷型“保存”模式。The high organic matter content serves as the material foundation for oil and gas accumulation in lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks.The enrichment of organic matter typically exhibits layered and banded structures,with significant spatial heterogeneity,posing great challenges for the exploration of terrestrial shale oil,the study of shale oil reservoir formation mechanisms,and cost management during development.Therefore,the key scientific issues such as the mechanisms of organic matter enrichment and its heterogeneous distribution in terrestrial shale oil and gas reservoirs require further discussion.This review of the sources,deposition,and burial processes of organic matter highlights its complexity,which is influenced by the diversity of organic matter types.The entire process involves intricate biochemical and electrochemical reactions.Furthermore,the review explores the vital impacts of factors such as paleoclimate,paleomedium,and paleogeography on the production,decomposition,preservation,and dilution of organic matter.Based on the geological characteristics of China’s terrestrial shale oil and gas basins,three models of organic matter enrichment in lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks are identified:the saline water depression"productivity"model,the saline water fault depression"mixed"model,and the freshwater depression"preservation"model.

关 键 词：细粒沉积岩 有机质富集 陆相页岩油 陆相湖盆 

分 类 号：P61[天文地球—矿床学]