南岭北麓湘江上游生态系统服务重要性及生态敏感性评价研究  

Importance of ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity in the upper reaches of the Xiangjiang River in north of the Nanling Mountains

作　　者：姚腾飞 覃佐辉 向龙龙 郑鹏飞 陈颖 皮震亚 唐灿 YAO Tengfei;QIN Zuohui;XIANG Longlong;ZHENG Pengfei;CHEN Ying;PI Zhenya;TANG Can(Hunan Institute of Geological Disaster Investigation and Monitoring,Changsha,410004;Hunan Provincial Geological Disaster Monitoring,Early Warning and Emergency Rescue Engineering Technology Research Center,Changsha,410004;Hunan Provincial Survey and Design Institute Limited Company,Changsha,410004)

机构地区：[1]湖南省地质灾害调查监测所,长沙410004 [2]湖南省地质灾害监测预警与应急救援工程技术研究中心,长沙410004 [3]湖南省勘测设计院有限公司,长沙410004

出　　处：《地质论评》2025年第2期707-717,M0002,共12页Geological Review

基　　金：湖南省地质灾害监测预警与应急救援工程技术研究中心开放基金(编号:hndzgczx202404)的成果。

摘　　要：以南岭北麓湘江上游重点生态区为研究对象,采用InVEST模型中的水量平衡法、泥沙输移比模块和Arcgis空间分析功能开展水源涵养重要性、生物多样性维护重要性、石漠化敏感性、水土流失敏感性评价,通过等权叠加获得生态系统服务重要性及生态敏感性评价分布图。结果表明:①区内水源涵养功能极度重要区面积为5365.90 km^(2),31.86%;生物多样性维护功能极度重要区面积1779.61 km^(2),10.57%;石漠化极敏感区面积为11.38 km^(2),0.07%;水土流失极敏感区面积436.40 km^(2),2.59%。②区内生态极度重要区面积5930.25 km^(2),35.21%;生态极敏感区面积443.55 km^(2),2.63%,主要分布在道县、东安县、桂阳县、宁远县以及双牌县。③区内生态保护等级V级区域面积占比最大,有36.71%,主要分布在山脉较多、植被茂盛的区域。④区内生态本底优良,水土流失问题较为严重,石漠化风险存在,历史矿山集中分布区的生态重要性和生态敏感性较高。Objectives:The key ecological area in the upper reaches of Xiangjiang River in north of the Nanling Mountains is taken as the research area,obtain a distribution map of the importance and ecological sensitivity of ecosystem services.Methods:Combined with InVEST model and GIS techniques,the importance of water conservation,the importance of biodiversity maintenance,the sensitivity of rocky desertification,and the sensitivity of soil and water loss were evaluated by using the water balance method,sediment transport ratio module and ArcGIS spatial analysis function in the invest model.Results:The results showed that:①The extremely important of water conservation function is 5365.90 km^(2),31.86%;extremely important for biodiversity maintenance function is 1779.61 km^(2),10.57%;the extremely sensitive area of rocky desertification is 11.38 km^(2),0.07%;extremely sensitive to soil erosion is 436.40 km^(2),2.59%.②The extremely important ecological area is 5930.25 km^(2),35.21%;the ecologically sensitive area is 443.55 km^(2),2.63%,mainly distributed in Daoxian County,Dong’an County,Guiyang County,Ningyuan County and Shuangpai County.③The ecological protection level V area in the area accounts for the largest proportion,with 36.71%,mainly distributed in areas with abundant mountains and lush vegetation.Conclusions:The ecological background in the area is excellent,the problem of water and soil loss is serious.There is a risk of rocky desertification,and the ecological importance and sensitivity of historical mining areas are high.

关 键 词：生态系统服务重要性 生态敏感性 水源涵养 生物多样性 湘江上游 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]