基于地基GNSS的湖南大气水汽时空分布特征  

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of AtmosphericWater Vapor in Hunan Based on Ground GNSS Data

作　　者：罗宇[1,2] 罗林艳 马琴 高文娟 LUO Yu;LUO Linyan;MA Qin;GAO Wenjuan(Hunan Branch of China Meteorological Administration Training Center,Changsha 410125,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Changsha 410118,China;Hunan Meteorological Information Center,Changsha 410118,China;Loudi Meteorological Observatory of Hunan Province,Loudi 417000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气象干部培训学院湖南分院,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南省气象防灾减灾重点实验室,湖南长沙410118 [3]湖南省气象信息中心,湖南长沙410118 [4]湖南省娄底市气象台,湖南娄底417000

出　　处：《山地气象学报》2025年第1期96-102,共7页Journal of Mountain Meteorology

基　　金：湖南省气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2024-FZZX45)。

摘　　要：【目的】为进一步了解湖南上空大气水汽精细化特征。【方法】利用湖南2016—2020年72个GNSS/MET测站反演的大气可降水量,分析大气水汽的时空分布和地理分布特征。【结果】湖南GNSS反演PWV与高空气象观测得到的PWV非常接近,可用于湖南省大气水汽特征分析。湖南大气水汽总体呈现由南向北逐渐降低的分布型,受海拔影响较明显,水汽低值区均出现在海拔较高的山地地区。湖南大气水汽整体地带性分布和垂直分布特征较明显,与测站的海拔高度和纬度呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.5170和-0.3063,均通过0.01的显著性水平检验。湖南大气水汽月变化均为“单峰型”分布,月最大值出现在7—8月,月最小值出现在1—2月;受地形和季风的影响,季节性分布特征呈现为夏季水汽资源充沛,春秋季水汽较夏季明显减少,冬季水汽资源相对匮乏。【结论】研究成果可为湖南开展强降水监测预警、云水资源开发、人工影响天气作业等提供重要参考。To further understand the detailed characteristics of atmospheric water vapor over Hunan Province,the retrieved precipitable water vapor(PWV)by 72 ground GNSS stations in Hunan from 2016 to 2020 is used to analyze the spatial-temporal and geographical distribution characteristics in this paper.The results indicate that the GNSS/PWV in Hunan is very close to the PWV obtained from the radiosonde,and can be used for the analysis of atmospheric water vapor characteristics in Hunan Province.The atmospheric water vapor in Hunan gradually decreases from south to north overall.With a significant influence of altitude the low-value areas of water vapor are predominantly found in the higher-altitude mountain regions.The atmospheric water vapor in Hunan shows obvious characteristics of zonal and vertical distribution,negatively correlated with the altitudes and latitudes of stations with correlation coefficients being-0.5170 and-0.3063 respectively,both having passed the significance test at a level of 0.01.The monthly variation of atmospheric water vapor follows a pattern of single peak,with the highest values occurring in July and August,and the lowest values in January and February.Influenced by topography and monsoon,the seasonal distribution features show that water vapor resources are abundant in summer,significantly reduced in spring and autumn,and relatively scarce in winter.These results can serve as an important reference for heavy precipitation monitoring and early warning,cloud water resource development,and weather modification operations in Hunan Province.

关 键 词：大气水汽 GNSS 变化特征 湖南 

分 类 号：P407[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]