基于主导振荡模式特征提取的构网型储能惯量估计方法研究  

The research on the grid-forming energy storage inertia estimation method based on dominant oscillation mode feature extraction

作　　者：周新博 史一明 ZHOU Xinbo;SHI Yiming(School of Electrical Engineering,Northeast Electric Power University,Jilin 132012,China;State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Baoding Power Supply Company Branch,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]东北电力大学电气工程学院,吉林吉林132012 [2]国网河北省电力有限公司保定供电公司分公司,河北保定071000

出　　处：《电气应用》2025年第3期87-96,共10页Electrotechnical Application

摘　　要：相比于跟网型变流器,构网型变流器因其具有发电机特性的优点被广泛应用。在新能源占比不断增加和传统发电机被不断替代的背景下,系统的惯量水平不断降低,因此精确估计系统的惯量可为保障新型电力系统稳定运行提供重要依据。在构网型储能基础上,提出了一种基于小扰动响应的惯量估计方法。基于构网型控制详细模型,通过对各个控制环节部分进行时域下的分析,构建了适用于机电尺度下的惯量响应模型。基于构网型储能控制的小信号模型在小扰动下的机电振荡响应特性,不仅可以推导出其惯量的解析表达式,还可以有效避免惯量估计意义不充分的情况。通过变模态分解(VMD)技术进行主要振荡模式提取,为估计多机系统的惯量提供依据。利用所提方法对IEEE 3机系统和四机两区系统进行仿真验证,结果证明了其有效性。Compared to grid-following converters,grid-forming converters are widely used due to their voltage source characteristics.With the increasing share of renewable energy and the gradual replacement of traditional generators,the system’s inertia level is continuously decreasing.Accurately estimating system inertia is crucial for ensuring stable new power system operation.This paper proposes an inertia estimation method based on small disturbance response using grid-forming energy storage systems.By analyzing the detailed model of gridforming control and examining each control loop in the time domain,an inertia response model suitable for the electromechanical scale is developed.Based on the small-signal model of grid-forming energy storage control,the electromechanical oscillation response characteristics under small disturbances can not only derive an analytical expression of inertia but also effectively avoid scenarios where inertia estimation lacks practical significance.The proposed method uses the variational mode decomposition technique to extract the primary oscillation modes,providing a foundation for multi-machine system inertia estimation.The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulations on the IEEE 3-machine system,demonstrating its accuracy and reliability.

关 键 词：构网型储能 惯量估计 机电响应 模态提取 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]