用于重型电动卡车的双电机与双行星排新驱动装置设计及动力学特性研究  

Research on Design and Dynamics Characteristics of New Drive System with Dual Motors and Dual Planetary Gears for Heavy Electric Trucks

作　　者：郑臻皓 赵升吨[1,2,3] 高志杰 曹杨峰 杨啸垠 ZHENG Zhenhao;ZHAO Shengdun;GAO Zhijie;CAO Yangfeng;YANG Xiaoyin(School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Control,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;State Key Laboratory of Metal Forming Technology and Heavy Equipment,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学机械工程学院,710049西安 [2]西安交通大学西安市智能装备与控制重点实验室,710049西安 [3]金属成形技术与重型装备全国重点实验室,710049西安

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2025年第4期16-26,共11页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52275373);国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(52105397)。

摘　　要：针对电动卡车采用的中央电机配合变速箱的驱动形式,造成驱动电机功率偏高、传动系统空间布置困难、传动效率低下等问题,以陕汽德龙M3000系列的18 t级牵引车为研究对象,提出了一种可以实现双电机转矩耦合驱动和单电机驱动两种工作模式的新型双电机双行星轮系轮边分布式驱动系统。理论计算了新型驱动系统中双永磁同步电机的基本参数;搭建了基于Workbench平台与Maxwell软件的联合仿真平台,提出了采用遗传算法的双电机参数多目标优化方法,得到了输出转矩、转矩波动率和最大反电动势的最优解;设计、制造、安装和调试了额定功率分别为60、30 kW,额定转速为3 500、1 500 r/min的双电机与双行星排机械结构总成以及计算机实验平台;构建了基于逻辑门限值的整车控制策略和基于矢量控制的电机控制方案,开展了两种工作模式电机性能实验以及工作模式切换实验。研究结果表明,设计的双电机双行星轮系驱动系统在两种工作模式下转速波动率最大为2.58%、转矩波动率最大为5.5%,具有较好的输出响应,为该型原理的实际应用提供了参考。Aiming at electric trucks adopt a driving configuration of a central motor combined with a gearbox,leading to issues such as high-power consumption of the driving motor,difficult spatial arrangement of the transmission system,and low transmission efficiency.Taking the Shaanxi automobile Delong M3000 series 18 t tractor as the research object,a novel dual-motor dual-planetary wheel-side distributed drive system capable of dual-motor torque-coupling drive and single-motor drive modes is proposed.The basic parameters of the dual permanent magnet synchronous motors in the new drive system are theoretically calculated.A joint simulation platform based on the Workbench platform and the Maxwell software is established,and a multi-objective optimization method for dual-motor parameters using genetic algorithms is proposed to obtain the optimal solutions for output torque,torque fluctuation rate,and maximum back electromotive force.The mechanical structure assembly of dual motors and dual planetary gears with rated powers of 60 and 30 kW,and rated speeds of 3500 and 1500 r/min,respectively,is designed,manufactured,installed,and tested along with a computer experimental platform.A vehicle control strategy based on logical threshold values and a motor control scheme based on vector control are developed,and experiments on motor performance in two operating modes and mode switching are conducted.The research results indicate that the designed dual-motor dual-planetary gear train drive system exhibits a maximum speed fluctuation rate of 2.58%and a maximum torque fluctuation rate of 5.5%in both operating modes,showing good output response and providing a reference for practical applications of this principle.

关 键 词：电动卡车 驱动与传动 永磁同步电机 行星轮系 

分 类 号：TH132.46[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]