变极电机与双联行星减速组合式电动汽车驱动传动新原理及动态特性  

New Principle and Dynamic Characteristics of Electric Vehicles Drive Transmission Combining Variable-Pole Motor and Duplex Planetary Reducer

作　　者：曹杨峰 刘大洲[1,2,3] 赵升吨 陈超[4] CAO Yangfeng;LIU Dazhou;ZHAO Shengdun;CHEN Chao(School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Xi’an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Control,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;State Key Laboratory of Metal Forming Technology and Heavy Equipment,Xi’an 710049,China;Institute of Light Alloy research,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学机械工程学院,710049西安 [2]西安交通大学西安市智能装备与控制重点实验室,710049西安 [3]金属成形技术与重型装备全国重点实验室,710049西安 [4]中南大学轻合金研究院,410083长沙

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2025年第4期27-39,共13页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52275373);国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(52105379);湖南省湖湘高层次人才项目(2021RC5001)。

摘　　要：针对目前电动汽车所使用的该异步电机定子绕组为固定极数,造成该电机低速拖动能力差、变速和功率适用范围窄以及为了获得更大的传动比大都采用多级行星轮系传动造成减速器尺寸庞大等问题,以某型SUV乘用车为研究应用背景,提出了采用倍极比变极交流三相异步电动机与双联行星轮系组合式电动汽车驱动传动新原理系统。理论计算了双联行星轮系的减速比及其结构方案,建立了该变极电机与双联行星轮系组合的动力学模型以及倍极比变极电机的设计新理论,模拟计算了该电机不同极数下的效率云图,提出了该变极电机在不同工况下的不同的控制模式以达到最优控制;设计、制造、安装和调试额定功率为59 kW,额定转速分别为4000、8000 r/min的变极电机和双联行星轮系机械结构总成以及计算机试验平台。开展了变极切换试验以及递增调速和递减调速试验,研究结果表明,该新原理系统可实现减速比为10的动力总成,结构更加紧凑,速度范围更广,从而验证了该驱动传动新原理的正确性。The stator winding of the asynchronous motor used in electric vehicles has a fixed number of poles,resulting in poor low-speed traction capability,limited speed variation,and power range.To achieve a larger gear ratio,most electric vehicles use multi-stage planetary gear transmission,leading to bulky reducer sizes.In this paper,taking a certain type of SUV passenger car as the research background,a novel principle system for electric vehicle drive transmission is proposed,which combines a variable-pole alternating current three-phase asynchronous motor with a duplex planetary gear system.The reduction ratio and structural scheme of the duplex planetary gear system are theoretically calculated,and the dynamic model of the combination of the variable-pole motor and duplex planetary gear system,as well as the new theory of variable-pole motor design,are established.The efficiency maps of the motor under different pole numbers are simulated and different control modes of the variable-pole motor under different operating conditions are proposed for optimal control.A variable-pole motor and duplex planetary gear system mechanical structure assembly with a rated power of 59 kW and rated speeds of 4000 and 8000 r/min respectively are designed,manufactured,installed,and debugged,along with a computer test platform.Variable-pole switching tests,incremental speed regulation tests,and decremental speed regulation tests are carried out.The research results demonstrate that the novel principle system can achieve a powertrain with a reduction ratio of 10,which is more compact in structure and has a wider speed range,thus confirming the validity of this new drive transmission principle.

关 键 词：电动汽车 变极交流异步电动机 双联行星轮系 动力学模型 控制模式 

分 类 号：TH132.46[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]