聚丙烯/聚烯烃弹性体复合材料空间电荷和电导特性  

Space Charge and Conductance Characteristics of Polypropylene/Polyolefin Elastomer Composites

作　　者：曹丹 梁启璐 展云鹏 侯帅 廖雁群 曹安瑛 何伟 吴锴[1] 吕泽鹏 CAO Dan;LIANG Qilu;ZHAN Yunpeng;HOU Shuai;LIAO Yanqun;CAO Anying;HE Wei;WU Kai;L Zepeng(State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Electric Power Research Institute,China Southern Power Grid,Guangzhou 510080,China;Zhuhai Power Supply Bureau,Guangdong Power Grid Corporation,Zhuhai,Guangdong 519075,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,710049西安 [2]南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司,510080广州 [3]广东电网有限责任公司珠海供电局,519075,广东珠海

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2025年第4期60-69,共10页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：南方电网公司科技资助项目(GDKJXM20222136)。

摘　　要：针对聚丙烯(PP)经弹性体增韧后力学和电学性能发生变化,引入弹性体导致材料电学性能下降的问题,采用共混法在PP基体中添加不同质量分数的聚烯烃弹性体(POE)。结合复合材料力学及绝缘性能研究,提出力-电综合性能最优的POE配比,又进一步结合复合材料微观形貌、热转变特征及绝缘性能,分析高温下PP/POE复合材料的空间电荷积聚和电荷输运特性。研究发现,随着POE含量的增加,PP/POE复合材料的弹性模量降低,直流击穿场强随POE含量的增加下降,高电场下w_(POE)为40%复合材料的电导率是所有复合材料中最低的,约为PP电导率的3倍,其他复合材料电导率比PP大一个数量级,20℃下,w_(POE)分别为50%、60%复合材料的异极性电荷积累量较大。高温下,PP和w_(POE)为40%复合材料直流击穿场强随温度升高下降,PP空间电荷性能较稳定,w_(POE)为40%复合材料空间电荷积聚量随温度升高增加,尤其在60℃以上,内部空间电荷量剧增。研究揭示了PP/POE复合材料在高温下的空间电荷积聚和电导剧增,这是限制其绝缘性能的关键问题。In response to the changes in mechanical and electrical properties of polypropylene(PP)after toughening with an elastomer,which leads to a decrease in material’s electrical performance due to the introduction of the elastomer,a blend method is employed to add different mass fractions of polyolefin elastomer(POE)into the PP matrix.Firstly,considering research on mechanical and insulation properties of composite materials,the optimal POE ratio for the best overall mechanical-electrical performance is proposed.Furthermore,the space charge accumulation and charge transport characteristics of PP/POE composites at high temperature are analyzed based on the microstructure,thermal transition characteristics and insulation properties of the composites.The research shows that with an increase in POE content,the elastic modulus of PP/POE composites decrease,and the direct current breakdown strength decreases with increasing POE content.Under high electric fields,the electrical conductivity of the composite with w_(POE)=40%is the lowest among all composites,approximately three times that of PP conductivity.Other composites exhibit electrical conductivities one order of magnitude higher than PP.At 20℃,composites with w_(POE)=50%,60%respectively show significant anisotropic charge accumulation.At high temperatures,the DC breakdown strength of PP and the composite with w_(POE)=40%decreases with increasing temperature.The spatial charge performance of PP is relatively stable,while the spatial charge accumulation in the composite with w_(POE)=40%increases with temperature,especially above 60℃,leading to a significant increase in internal space charge.This research reveals that the accumulation of space charge and the dramatic increase in electrical conductivity of PP/POE composites at high temperatures are key issues limiting their insulation performance.

关 键 词：聚丙烯/聚烯烃弹性体复合材料 空间电荷 电导 击穿场强 

分 类 号：TM215[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]