质子交换膜燃料电池双极板流动结构仿生设计探究  

Biomimetic Design Exploration of Flow Field Structure in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates

作　　者：石自航 杨亚晶[2] 魏衍举[1] 张晨杨 SHI Zihang;YANG Yajing;WEI Yanju;ZHANG Chenyang(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;School of Astronautics Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,710049西安 [2]西安交通大学航天航空学院,710049西安

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2025年第4期70-80,共11页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52176128)。

摘　　要：针对质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)内部燃料分布不均匀以及水管理能力不足导致的性能受限问题,基于海棠叶的叶脉结构,设计了一种新型仿生流场,采用数值方法深入研究了其性能。首先,通过观察海棠叶脉的自然流动形态,设计仿生流场;然后,通过数值模拟对比分析仿生流场、传统蛇形流场和平行流场的流场性能;最后,探究极限电流密度、峰值功率密度及内部氧气和电流密度的分布特性。研究结果表明:与传统的蛇形流场和平行流场相比,仿生流场的压降更低,催化层氧气浓度分布更均匀,供气质量更高;相较于平行流场和蛇形流场,仿生流场的电池极限电流密度分别提升了35.42%、6.81%,峰值功率密度分别增加了29.71%、5.22%,且除水能力较平行流场有所提升。该研究为PEMFC流场设计的优化提供了新思路,对提升燃料电池的整体性能和效率具有重要的实际应用价值。In response to performance limitations caused by uneven fuel distribution and inadequate water management capabilities in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),a novel bionic flow field is designed based on the vein structure of begonia leaves,and its performance is systematically investigated through numerical simulation.Firstly,the bionic flow field is developed by mimicking the natural flow patterns of begonia leaf veins.Then,numerical simulation techniques are employed to compare and analyze the flow field performance of the biomimetic flow field,traditional serpentine flow field,and parallel flow field.Finally,the distribution characteristics of limiting current density,peak power density,internal oxygen concentration,and current density are explored.The research results demonstrate that compared to traditional serpentine and parallel flow fields,the biomimetic flow field exhibits lower pressure[HJ]drop,more uniform oxygen concentration distribution in the catalyst layer,and higher gas supply quality.Furthermore,the biomimetic flow field shows a 35.42%and 6.81%increase in limiting current density,a 29.71%and 5.22%increase in peak power density compared to the parallel and serpentine flow fields,respectively,with improved water retention capabilities compared to the parallel flow field.This research provides a new perspective for optimizing the design of flow fields in PEMFCs,offering significant practical value for enhancing the overall performance and efficiency of fuel cells.

关 键 词：质子交换膜燃料电池 仿生流场 海棠叶脉 双极板 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]