从“思想”到“实践”的突破:马克思哲学的革命历程  

Breakthrough from“Thought”to“Practice”:The Revolutionary Course of Marxist Philosophy

作　　者：谢勤嵩 XIE Qinsong(School of Philosophy,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学哲学学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《江苏海洋大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第2期43-52,共10页Journal of Jiangsu Ocean University(Humanities & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标课题资助项目(20&ZD026)。

摘　　要：马克思哲学的发展经历了从“思想”革命向“实践”革命转变的历程。前一阶段主要指马克思在其早年创立新哲学、变革人类思想活动的革命历程;后一阶段主要指马克思创立科学社会主义、变革无产阶级革命实践的革命历程。首先,马克思将原本“仅仅是以不同方式解释世界”的旧哲学转变为“问题在于改造世界”的新哲学——实践唯物主义。新哲学对以往的“实践”“现实”“人”等哲学术语进行了唯物主义改造,从而形成了唯物主义的实践观、现实观和人学观,并以唯物史观为其方法论原则。其次,马克思依托唯物史观揭示出资本主义社会中无产阶级的现实处境,论证了无产阶级通过彻底的革命实践实现自我解放的必要性和必然性,从而为无产阶级革命提供了科学的理论支撑。新哲学作为科学社会主义的理论支撑掌握了现代无产阶级,并在无产阶级革命实践中转化为彻底变革现实世界的物质力量。The entire development process of Marxist philosophy can be divided into“ideological”revolution and“practical”revolution.The former stage mainly refers to the revolutionary course in which Marx criticized founded the new philosophy and transform people’s ideological activities in his early years;the latter mainly refers to the revolutionary course in which Marx founded scientific socialism and inf luence the revolutionary practice of the proletar iat in the lat ter half of his life.First of all,Mar x t ransformed the old philosophy that“merely explained the world in different ways”into a new philosophy that“the problem lies in transforming the world”—practical materialism.The latter has carried out materialist transformation of philosophical terms such as“practice”,“reality”and“human”in the past,thus forming a materialist view of practice,reality and human studies.Moreover,it takes historical materialism as its methodological principle.Secondly,relying on historical materialism,Marx revealed the actual situation of the proletariat in capitalist society and demonstrated the necessity and inevitability of the proletariat achieving self-liberation through thorough revolutionary practice,thus providing scientific theoretical support for the proletarian revolution.As the theoretical support for scientific socialism,the new philosophy has grasped the modern proletariat and been transformed into a material force for thoroughly changing the real world in the revolutionary practice of the proletariat.

关 键 词：马克思哲学革命 “术语革命” 唯物史观 科学社会主义 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] B0-0