干旱半干旱区城市公园绿地环境效益评价  

Environmental Benefits of Urban Park Green Space in Arid and Semi-arid Area:An Evaluation

作　　者：包红光[1] 王波 闫晓云[1] 贾雨龙 秦嘉泽 王卫民 Bao Hongguang;Wang Bo;Yan Xiaoyun;Jia Yulong;Qin Jiaze;Wang Weimin(Forestry College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010010,China;Tongzhou District Landscape and Forestry Bureau,Beijing 101101,China;China National Botanical Garden,Beijing 100090,China;Shanxi Institute of Meteorological Science,Xi'an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学林学院,呼和浩特010010 [2]北京市通州区园林绿化局,北京101101 [3]国家植物园,北京100090 [4]陕西省气象科学研究所,西安710000

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2025年第1期18-27,45,共11页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：内蒙古农业大学青年教师科研能力提升专项(BR220132);内蒙古自然科学基金博士基金项目(2019BS03018);中国气象局项目(CXFZ2022J042)。

摘　　要：[目的]评价干旱半干旱区城市公园绿地环境效益,旨在为植被群落结构的最优配置模式提供数据支持,为城市绿地建设提供理论基础。[方法]以呼和浩特市敕勒川公园为研究对象,于2020-2021年不同季节选取晴天、晴间多云为主的天气各10天,在7∶00-19∶00对5种不同结构绿地及对照点的空气温度、相对湿度、平均风速、PM_(2.5)、空气正负离子以及噪声等指标进行实地监测,分析变化特征并评价环境效益。[结果]人体舒适度(Ⅰ_(CHB))季节日变化与季节均值主要表现为较舒适(Ⅴ)、偏热(Ⅵ)、舒适(Ⅳ)、冷(Ⅱ)等级;同一季节不同结构绿地差异不显著。不同季节PM_(2.5)呈“上午高,下午低”的状态,15∶00-19∶00出现监测时段最低值;冬季、夏季PM_(2.5)均值分别表现最高、最低;PM_(2.5)日变化及季节变化均能达到环境空气质量II级标准。春季、夏季、秋季18∶00-19∶00,冬季7∶00-8∶00空气清洁度指数(CI)达到容许(D)及以上;不同季节均值等级分别为C~D、B~C、B~C、C~D,对照点均值为D;冬季灌草型均值最高,其他季节乔灌草型均值最高。冬季噪声均值在Ⅰ~Ⅲ,其他季节噪声均值在Ⅰ~Ⅱ,同一季节多层结构绿地噪声较低;秋季、冬季不同结构绿地噪声显著高于其他季节。[结论]PM_(2.5)为影响城市公园绿地环境效益的主要因素;春季灌草型,夏季、秋季、冬季乔木型环境效益综合得分最高。建议公园管理部门实行季节性绿地管理模式,根据不同结构绿地的环境效益表现,建立科学合理的绿地更新规划方案。[Objective]The environmental benefits of urban parks in arid and semi-arid areas are evaluated to provide data support to determine the optimum configuration model of vegetation community structure.This study aims at offering the theoretic basis for the construction of urban green spaces.[Method]Chilechuan Park in Hohhot is taken as the research object,and 10 clear-sky days and 10 partly-cloudy days in different seasons from 2020 to 2021 were selected,respectively.The air temperature,relative humidity,average wind speed,PM_(2.5),air positive and negative ions,and noise of 5 different green space structures and control points were monitored on the spot from 7∶00 to 19∶00,and the changes and their characteristics were analyzed and the environmental benefits were evaluated.[Result]The seasonal diurnal variation and seasonal mean value of human body comfort index(I_(CHB))fall in the categories of more comfortable(V),warmer(VI),comfortable(IV)and cold(II).No significant differences are observed among the green spaces of varying structure within a given season.PM_(2.5) is"high in the morning and low in the afternoon"in different seasons,and the lowest value is captured from 15∶00 to 19∶00.The mean value of PM2.5 reaches the highest in winter and the lowest in summer.The diurnal and seasonal variations of PM_(2.5) can meet the Class II standard for ambient air quality.The clean index(CI)at 18∶00-19∶00 in spring,summer and autumn and at 7∶00-8∶00 in winter reach tolerance(D)or above.The mean grades in different seasons are C-D,B-C,B-C and C-D,respectively,and the mean grade at the control points is D.The mean value of the shrub-grass combination is the highest in winter,and the mean value of the arbor-shrub-grass combination in other seasons is the highest.The mean noise in winter is I-III,the mean noise in other seasons is I-II,and the noise of multi-layer structure is lower in the same season.The noise in green spaces of different structures is significantly higher in autumn and winter than in other sea

关 键 词：城市公园绿地 人体舒适度指数 PM_(2.5) 空气清洁度指数 噪声 

分 类 号：TU9[建筑科学]