城市公园常见蔷薇科乔木冠层特征对林下降温效应差异及影响机制  

Differences in Understorey Cooling Effect of Canopy Characteristics of Common Rosaceae Trees in Urban Parks and Its Impact Mechanism

作　　者：陈昕瑶 张兴 高飞 Chen Xinyao;Zhang Xing;Gao Fei(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215000,Jiangsu,China;Institute of Nature and Ecology,Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学建筑与城市规划学院,江苏苏州215011 [2]黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2025年第1期37-45,共9页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：“十四五”江苏省重点学科建设项目(082240006/002/002);江苏省研究生工作站;宿迁交通科研基金(2022Y11);国家自然科学基金青年基金(52008280);国家自然科学基金青年基金(52308029);黑龙江省科学院双提雁阵项目(STYZ2022ZR01);黑龙江省博士后资助(LBH-Z23263)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究城市公园植物配置的科学种植高度、种植间距等冠层特征及其对林下降温效应的影响,为后续科学优化种植方案提供数据支撑。[方法]以苏州市城市公园常见蔷薇科乔木为研究对象,采取抽样调查法,使用植物冠层分析仪、测高仪、激光测距仪,基于冠层热扩散理论,分析其冠层结构和冠层效益等特征对林下降温的差异,探讨其影响机制及林下降温的冠层特征指标最优值。[结果]冠层结构指标中与降温效应相关性高低的排序为太阳散射辐射通过率(DHI)>胸径(DBH)>树高(TH)>树冠厚度(CTH)>冠幅(CW)>叶面积指数(LAI),且当TH为6.8 m、CW为3.3 m、CTH为2.2 m、DBH为0.27 m、LAI为4、DHI为12时,降温效应最优;冠层效益指标中与降温效应相关性高低的排序为热垂直扩散结构指标(SIV)>综合热扩散结构指标(CSI)>热水平扩散结构指标(SIH)>潜热扩散结构指标(SIL),且冠层效益指标对总降温效应的贡献大于冠层结构指标。[结论]城市公园中蔷薇科乔木对林下降温效应存在差异性,其最优降温效应通过冠层结构参数与冠层效益参数的协同调控实现,并且主要依赖植物增强潜热调控热量的生理机制。[Objective]The study is to explore the canopy characteristics of plant configuration in urban parks,such as scientific planting height and planting spacing,and their influences on understorey cooling effect.,which would provide data support to the follow-up planting plan optimization.[Method]This paper takes the common Rosaceae trees in Suzhou's urban parks as the research object.By employing a sampling survey approach,the investigation utilizes a plant canopy analyzer,altimeter,and laser rangefinder to analyze the different influences that their canopy structure,canopy efficiency and other characteristics have on understorey cooling,discuss the influence mechanism and explore the optimal value of canopy characteristic indexes for understorey cooling.[Result]The correlation of canopy structure indexes with the cooling effect is ordered as diffuse horizontal irradiance(DHI)>diameter at breast height(DBH)>tree height(TH)>canopy thickness(CTH)>canopy width(CW)>leaf area index(LAI);and the cooling effect is optimal when TH is at 6.8 m,CW at 3.3 m,CTH at 2.2 m,DBH at 0.27 m,LAI at 4,and DHI at 12.The correlation of the canopy efficiency index to the cooling effect is ranked as SIV>CSI>SIH>SIL,and the canopy efficiency index has the larger contribution to the total cooling effect than the canopy structure index.[Conclusion]In urban parks,the understorey cooling effect of Rosaceae trees is differentiated,and the optimal cooling effect is realized through the synergistic regulation of canopy structure parameters and canopy efficiency parameters.The physiological mechanism of enhancing latent heat with plants is mainly relied on to regulate the amount of heat.

关 键 词：降温效应 冠层特征 林下降温 热环境 

分 类 号：TU9[建筑科学]