社区花粉致敏植物空间分布特征及其影响因素  

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Allergenic Pollen Plants in Communities and Their Influencing Factors

作　　者：杨雅榕 朱悦宁 王成[1,2,3] 金佳莉 韩彦华 李欣 Yang Yarong;Zhu Yuening;Wang Cheng;Jin Jiali;Han Yanhua;Li Xin(Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Tree Breeding and Cultivation,Beijing 100091,China;Urban Forest Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China;Bureau of Landscape and Forestry,Changping District,Beijing 102200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [2]国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091 [3]国家林业和草原局城市森林研究中心,北京100091 [4]北京市昌平区园林绿化局,北京102200

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2025年第1期81-89,共9页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：国家林草局推广项目:城市树木飞絮、花粉等植源性污染防控技术推广示范(2020133129);国家重点研发计划(2021YFE0193200)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究花粉致敏植物在社区中的时空分布,以缓解甚至解决居民的花粉过敏问题,为昌平社区花粉致敏植物防治以及低敏社区的绿地空间格局与植物配置奠定基础。[方法]以北京市昌平区为研究范围,选取均匀分布的20个社区进行植物本底调查,明确昌平社区致敏植物数量及特征,从致敏植物的致敏强度、花粉量等方面入手,探究社区花粉致敏植物的空间分布格局及相关因素。[结果]1)昌平区社区常见的花粉致敏乔木有19种,数量占乔木总量的62%;常见的花粉致敏草本植物16种,种类占社区草本植物总量的32%。2)从花粉致敏植物空间分布格局来看,中心绿地、动态活动绿地、外围绿地乔木花粉致敏强度较高;动态活动绿地、静态休息绿地、外围绿地乔木致敏花粉量等级较高。3)建成年代越晚的社区,距北京市中心越近的社区,花粉致敏乔木数量越多,致敏强度越高,花粉量越大。[结论]揭示了不同类型的绿地和人类活动区域对致敏植物的分布有重要影响。此外,社区绿地的花粉致敏风险与植物种类和配置密切相关,未来绿地规划应根据功能需求合理配置低致敏植物,还应考虑更多环境变量(如气温、空气污染等)与花粉致敏植物的交互效应,并提高精度,以完善城市绿地的花粉致敏风险管理。[Objective]Exploring the spatial and temporal distribution of allergenic pollen plants in communities can alleviate or even solve the pollen allergies facing residents and lay a foundation for Changping District to strengthen the prevention and control allergenic pollen plants and propose the spatial pattern and the plant configuration of green spaces for the hypoallergenic community creation.[Method]The paper selects 20 evenly distributed communities in Changping District of Beijing to conduct plant background investigation,clarify the number of allergenic plants and their characteristics in the communities,and explore the spatial distribution pattern of allergenic pollen plants in the community and its relevant factors from the perspectives of allergenic intensity and pollen amount of allergenic plants.[Result]1)There are 19 common species of allergenic pollen trees in the communities of Changping District,accounting for 62%of the total number of trees,and there are 16 common species of allergenic pollen herbaceous plants,accounting for 32%of the total number of herbaceous plants in the community.2)In terms of the spatial distribution pattern of allergenic pollen plants,the trees in the central green space,dynamic-activity-oriented green space,and peripheral green space have higher allergenic intensity;and t the trees in the dynamic-activity-oriented green space,static resting green space,and peripheral green space have the larger allergenic pollen amounts;and 3)The later the community is built,and the closer the community is to the center of Beijing,the higher the number of allergenic pollen trees is with higher allergenic intensity and larger pollen amounts.[Conclusion]It is revealed that green spaces and human activity areas of different types have a significant impact on the distribution of allergenic plants.Furthermore,the pollen allergenic risk in community green spaces is closely related to plant species and configuration.In the future,the green space planning should reasonably configure hypoallergenic p

关 键 词：花粉污染 花粉致敏植物 社区绿地 空间分布 影响因素 

分 类 号：TU9[建筑科学]