低敏城市街区:从花粉致敏风险评价到环境调控策略  

Hypoallergenic Urban Block:From Pollen Allergy Risk Assessment to Environmental Regulation Strategies

作　　者：贾可欣 姚亚男 Jia Kexin;Yao Yanan(Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China;China Architecture Design&Research Group,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古工业大学,呼和浩特010051 [2]中国建筑设计研究院有限公司,北京100044

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2025年第1期97-103,共7页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52408071)。

摘　　要：伴随着城市化的进程,城市居民花粉症愈加多发,造成了极高的医疗负担,但花粉致敏问题的环境干预手段十分有限。为探究环境因子对花粉浓度及扩散的影响,建设低致敏性街区环境,文章基于城市街区花粉致敏风险评价研究进展,提出低敏城市街区的概念与评价指标依据;梳理花粉传播范围的既有科研证据,以及街区尺度内构建低致敏环境的原因及可操作性;归纳影响街区花粉致敏风险的环境因子包括空间布局、街区绿化、微气候以及污染物4个方面,并分析其对花粉的产生、扩散以及致敏物质释放形成不同程度的影响;最后提出低敏城市街区的更新策略,以营造城市多尺度低敏环境格局,保障公众的健康出行。With the progression of urbanization,pollen allergies among urban residents have become increasingly prevalent,imposing significant medical burdens,yet environmental interventions to address pollen-induced sensitivities remain limited.To explore the impact of environmental factors on pollen concentration and dispersal and to develop hypoallergenic urban block environments,this study proposes the concept and evaluation criteria for hypoallergenic urban block based on advances in pollen allergy risk assessment research.It synthesizes existing scientific evidence on pollen dispersal ranges and examines the rationale and feasibility of creating hypoallergenic environments at the block scale.The study identifies four key environmental factors influencing pollen allergy risks in urban blocks—spatial layout,block greening,microclimate,and pollutants—and analyzes their varying effects on pollen production,dispersal,and the release of allergenic substances.Finally,renewal strategies for hypoallergenic urban blocks are proposed to foster a multi-scale hypoallergenic urban framework,ensuring healthy public mobility and safeguarding community well-being.

关 键 词：低敏城市街区 花粉致敏风险评价 城市街区 更新策略 

分 类 号：TU9[建筑科学]