元阳哈尼梯田遗产核心区景观格局时空演变特征  

Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of Landscape Pattern in the Core Heritage Area of Hani Terrace

作　　者：毛志睿 车兴蕊 陈笑葵 高钰桔 Mao Zhirui;Che Xingrui;Chen Xiaokui;Gao Yujie(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Hunan City College,Yiyang 413000,Hunan,China;Hunan Key Laboratory for Digitalized Urban and Rural Spatial Planning,Yiyang 413000,Hunan,China;Yuncheng Vocational and Technical University,Yuncheng 044000,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学建筑与城市规划学院,昆明650500 [2]湖南城市学院建筑与城市规划学院,湖南益阳413000 [3]数字化城乡空间规划关键技术湖南省重点实验室,湖南益阳413000 [4]运城职业技术大学,山西运城044000

出　　处：《中国城市林业》2025年第1期119-126,共8页Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52168004);益阳市哲学社会科学重点课题(Y0216927)。

摘　　要：[目的]元阳哈尼梯田因其森林、水系、梯田和村寨“四素同构”系统展现的创造力及人与自然和谐相处的生存智慧而成为世界文化景观遗产,从时空过程角度剖析其核心遗产区的景观格局的演变特征是推动实现遗产活态保护的重要基础,可为梯田文化传承和生态价值保护的路径探索提供借鉴。[方法]利用元阳县申遗前后土地利用、实地调研等数据,借助景观指数、土地利用转移矩阵、空间分析等方法,剖析元阳哈尼梯田核心遗产区景观格局及其人地关系的时空演变特征。[结果]1)哈尼梯田核心遗产区土地利用类型以林地、水田、旱地、村庄等类型为主,主要景观类型的复杂度下降、离散度程度增加,景观的分离程度加剧。申遗后整体景观格局呈现动态稳定;2)梯田在申遗后出现不同坡度、高程的小幅缩减,整体聚田比指数下降,核心遗产区正由“农业生产用地主导”向“生态-经济复合用地主导”转变,景观功能由维持生产生活向生态环境保护、社会经济发展功能转变,其人地关系表现出从“人地共生”转向“人地分离”的变化趋势。[结论]未来研究需深入探索哈尼梯田的人地关系演变,警惕“人地分离”现象,通过有效措施实现活态保护,适应现代社会的多样需求。[Objective]Yuanyang Hani Terrace is a world heritage cultural landscape due to its creativity represented by the"co-existence of four elements"of forests,waters,terraces and villages,and its wisdom of humans-nature harmony.Analyzing the evolution characteristics of landscape pattern in the core area from the perspective of spatial and temporal processes is an important foundation for realizing its dynamic conservation.This could provide references for the inheritance of terrace culture and exploration of ecological value protection.[Method]The paper utilizes the data of land use and from field investigations before and after Yuanyang's application for its inclusion into the world heritage list to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the landscape pattern and its human-land relationship in the core area of the Hani Terraces,by using the Landscape Index,the transfer matrix model,and spatial analysis.[Result]1)The landuse types of the core area of the Hani Terraces are dominated by woodland,paddy field,dry land,and villages,which have decreased degree of complexity,increased degree of dispersion and intensified degree of landscape separation.After being included in the world heritage list,the landscape pattern shows dynamic stabilization in a whole;and 2)The terraces have experienced slight shrinkage in all different slopes and elevations after being inscribed as a world heritage,and the index of the overall polytope ratio has declined.The core area of the heritage is transforming from"dominated by the agriculture land use"to"dominated by the ecological-economic integrated land use",and the landscape function is changing from maintaining production and life to promoting ecological environmental protection and socio-economic development,reflecting that the human-land relationship presents the trend of change from human-land co-existence to human-land separation.[Conclusion]In the future,the research should focus on the evolution of human-land relationship at Hani Terraces,keeping vigilant aga

关 键 词：景观格局 时空动态演变 文化景观遗产 遗产保护 元阳哈尼梯田 

分 类 号：TU9[建筑科学]