两种宪法观之比较研究  

A Comparative Study on Two Views of Constitution

作　　者：蔡宏伟 CAI Hong-wei

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院、理论法学研究中心 [2]吉林大学国家2011计划司法文明协同创新中心

出　　处：《北方论丛》2025年第2期55-69,共15页The Northern Forum

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“以人民为中心的法治思想及其制度建构研究”(22JJD820003);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“习近平法治思想与中国特色社会主义法学理论创新研究”(2022CXTD15)。

摘　　要：在中国式现代化的背景下,包括宪法学在内的中国法学正在积极探索自主知识体系。不论主观意愿如何,西方法学既有理论都将构成中国法学自主创新的知识背景。与此同时,在西方宪法学中处于支配性地位的“消极宪法观”也正在面临包括“积极宪法观”在内的各种新兴宪法观的挑战。对“消极宪法观”和“积极宪法观”的比较分析,既能帮助怀抱自主创新理想的中国学者切近了解试图超越的对象,又能为建构宪法自主知识体系提供重要的理论参照。现代宪法具有特定的历史起源和规范意义;它是为了反对专断的政治统治而被制定或被创造的法律,是专门为了确立、实施尤其是限制政治统治而被制定的法律。到底是把现代宪法视为一项未竟的事业,还是立足于后现代的立场去思考更多的议题,这是需要解决的前提性问题。Against the backdrop of Chinese-style modernization,Chinese law,including constitutional law,is actively exploring an independent knowledge system.Regardless of subjective intentions,the existing theories of Western law will constitute the knowledge background for the independent innovation of Chinese law.Meanwhile,the“negative constitutional view”that has dominated Western constitutional law is facing challenges from various emerging constitutional theories,including the“positive constitutional view”.A comparative analysis of the“negative constitutional view”and the“positive constitutional view”can not only help Chinese scholars with the aspiration for independent innovation to have a close understanding of the objects they aim to surpass,but also provide an important theoretical reference for the construction of an autonomous constitutional knowledge system.Modern constitutions have specific historical origins and normative significance;they were formulated or created to oppose arbitrary political rule and are specifically designed to establish,implement,and especially limit political rule.Whether to view modern constitutions as an unfinished project or to consider more issues from a postmodern perspective is a fundamental question that needs to be addressed.

关 键 词：现代宪法 宪制 消极宪法观 积极宪法观 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]