黄土高原泥流灾变机理研究进展与发展趋势  

Research Status and Development Trend on the Mechanism of Mudflow Disasters in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：王新刚[1] 王道正 王家鼎[1] 黄强兵[2] 胡胜 连宝琴 辜超颖 WANG Xingang;WANG Daozheng;WANG Jiading;HUANG Qiangbing;HU Sheng;LIAN Baoqin;GU Chaoying(State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Department of Geology,Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,Shaanxi,China;School of Geological Engineering and Surveying&Mapping Engineering,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学地质学系,大陆动力学国家重点实验室,陕西西安710069 [2]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,陕西西安710054 [3]西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《西北地质》2025年第2期1-15,I0002,共16页Northwestern Geology

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2023YFC3008401);国家自然科学基金项目(42207184)联合资助。

摘　　要：黄土泥流是黄土高原地区较为频发的地质灾害,具有超强的流动性、超远的运动距离及超大的冲击破坏力,时常造成重大灾难发生。科学的认识黄土高原泥流灾变机理对降低灾害风险、采取科学有效的减灾措施具有重要意义。笔者针对黄土泥流孕灾环境特征、流体性质、灾变机理以及监测预警等方面研究的最新进展进行了综述,分析了黄土泥流灾害研究方面所存在的关键科学问题,提出了针对黄土高原泥流灾害研究未来仍需以“野外调研-试验研究-理论分析-实践应用”为研究范式,并采用新理论、新方法、新技术和新设备,考虑黄土泥流多尺度、多时序和多阶段等视角,重点关注复杂孕灾环境下黄土泥流时空发育特征及其超前识别技术研究、黄土泥流演化机制与成灾机理的动力学模型构建、黄土泥流灾害实时监测预警模型及综合评价方法、黄土泥流韧性防控与应急救援综合技术体系等研究方向。Loess mudflow is a frequent geological hazard in the Loess Plateau region,characterized by strong mobility,long-distance movement,and massive impact and destructive force,often causing major disasters.A scientific understanding of the mechanism of mudflow disasters on the Loess Plateau is of great significance for reducing disaster risks and adopting scientifically effective disaster reduction measures.This article first reviews the latest progress in research on the environmental characteristics,fluid properties,disaster mechanisms,and monitoring and early warning of loess mudflow disasters.Then,it analyzes the key scientific issues in the research of loess mudflow disasters.Finally,it is proposed that the future research on mudflow disasters on the Loess Plateau should still take"field investigation-experimental research-theoretical analysis-practical application"as the research paradigm,and adopt new theories,new methods,new technologies and new equipment,and focus on the following research directions considering the multi-scale,multi-time series and multi-stage perspectives of mudflow on the loess Plateau:Study the temporal and spatial development characteristics of loess mudflow and its advanced identification technology under complex disaster-prone environment,build a dynamic model of loess mudflow evolution mechanism and disaster mechanism,establish a real-time monitoring and early warning model of loess mudflow disaster and a comprehensive evaluation method,and form a comprehensive technical system of loess mudflow toughness prevention and control and emergency rescue.

关 键 词：黄土高原 黄土泥流 灾变机理 监测预警 韧性防控 

分 类 号：P642.5[天文地球—工程地质学]