基于多源遥感数据的矿山生态环境监测技术研究:以陕北煤炭基地某生产矿山为例  

Research on Mine Ecological Environment Monitoring Technology Based on Multi-source Remote Sensing Data:A Case Study in Northern Shaanxi Coal Base

作　　者：马露 陈莹 蔺楠 MA Lu;CHEN Ying;LIN Nan(Xi’an Meihang Remote Sensing Information Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710199,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西安煤航遥感信息有限公司,陕西西安710199

出　　处：《西北地质》2025年第2期91-101,共11页Northwestern Geology

基　　金：陕西省秦创原矿山环境修复治理与智能化监测“科学家+工程师”队伍(2022KXJ-087)。

摘　　要：矿产资源的开发会对周边生态环境产生负面作用,影响当地居民的生产生活。相比传统的矿山生态环境地面监测手段,遥感技术具有宏观性、动态性和经济性等优势,其高波谱分辨率、高空间分辨率及高时间分辨率,能全方位动态反映矿山生态问题现状与发展趋势。陕北煤炭基地是中国重要的煤炭能源基地之一,本研究选择其中一座生产矿山作为研究区,综合运用光学遥感和雷达遥感技术,精准捕捉煤矿开采活动所诱发的地面塌陷、土地损毁以及地表水体、植被状况等区域要素特征;针对重点监测区,进一步引入无人机遥感技术,实现对地裂缝、不稳定边坡等局部要素的精细化监测与识别,系统构建了数据获取、数据处理、遥感解译、数据分析等全流程矿山生态环境遥感监测技术体系。研究结果表明,多源遥感技术凭借卓越的全局视野、宏观分析能力及强大的数据追溯性,在矿山生态环境监测领域展现出了无可替代的优势,应用成效显著。在此基础上,提出了未来矿山生态环境监测预警智能体系“多网融合+实时监测+智能作业+任务协同+全面感知+自主决策”的发展方向。The exploitation of mineral resources can have negative effects on the local ecological environment and the livelihoods of nearby residents.Remote sensing technology provides a more cost-effective and comprehensive approach to monitoring mine ecology compared to traditional ground-based methods.Its high spectral,spatial,and temporal resolution enables a comprehensive and dynamic reflection of the status and development trends of ecological issues in mines.The northern Shaanxi coal base is a significant coal energy base in China.This paper focused on a production mine,comprehensively utilized Optical Remote Sensing and Radar Re-mote Sensing technologies,we can accurately capture the characteristics of regional elements such as ground subsidence,land damage,as well as surface water and vegetation conditions induced by coal mining activities.For key monitoring areas,the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)remote sensing technology further enables re-fined monitoring and identification of local elements such as ground fissures and unstable slopes.This has sys-tematically established a comprehensive remote sensing monitoring technology system for mine ecological envi-ronment,encompassing data acquisition,data processing,remote sensing interpretation,and data analysis.Re-search results indicate that multi-source remote sensing technology,with its outstanding global perspective,macro-analysis capabilities,and robust data traceability,has demonstrated an irreplaceable advantage in the field of mine ecological environment monitoring,achieving remarkable application effects.According to the propos-al,the future intelligent mine environmental monitoring and early warning system should be developed with a focus on“multi-network integration+real-time monitoring+intelligent operation+task collaboration+com-prehensive perception+autonomous decision-making”.

关 键 词：卫星遥感 无人机航空摄影 合成孔径雷达 矿山生态环境监测 生态修复 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]