沿黄公路边坡地质灾害破坏模式及风险管控:以陕西绥德-清涧段为例  

Geological Hazard Failure Mode and Risk Control of Slopes along the Yellow River Highway:Taking the Suide Qingjian Section in Shaanxi Province as an Example

作　　者：李彦娥[1,2] 赵振明 冯卫[1,2] 马红娜[1,2] 王化齐 LI Yan’e;ZHAO Zhenming;FENG Wei;MA Hongna;WANG Huaqi(Xi'an Center of China Geological Survey,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Water Resources and Environment,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,陕西西安710119 [2]陕西省水资源与环境工程技术研究中心,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《西北地质》2025年第2期186-196,共11页Northwestern Geology

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目“晋陕黄土高原河曲-韩城段灾害地质调查(DD20190642)”,“西北地区国土空间用途管制技术支撑与应用服务(DD20230500)”;陕西省重点研发项目“秦岭北麓西安段水、碳循环及其优化调控研究(2024SFYBXM-562)”联合资助。

摘　　要：沿黄公路位于黄土高原黄河中游区,区域滑坡崩塌等地质灾害多发,对沿黄公路的道路安全造成威胁。笔者通过1∶10 000地质灾害野外调查,总结了沿黄公路陕西绥德-清涧段边坡地质灾害变形破坏演化模式,定量评估了边坡地质灾害财产风险和人员风险。结果表明:(1)沿黄公路陕西绥德-清涧段共发育地质灾害51处,以小型基岩崩塌为主;崩塌包括岩质和土质崩塌,其破坏模式分为倾倒式、滑移式和坠落式3种;滑坡均为黄土滑坡,为拉裂-剪切滑移式破坏模式。(2)51处地质灾害财产年损失为0.000 5~3.375万元/a,单人年死亡概率为4.16×10^(-5)~4.40×10^(-2),其中低风险源12个,中风险源9个,高风险源18个,极高风险源12个。(3)根据边坡破坏模式及风险评估结果,对研究区边坡地质灾害制定了搬迁避让、专业监测、工程防治、群策群防等相应的风险管控措施建议。该研究结果为沿黄公路沿线地质灾害防灾减灾提供了技术支撑。The Yellow River Highway is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River on the Loess Plateau,where geological hazards such as landslides and collapses occur frequently,posing a threat to the road safety along the Yellow River Highway.This article summarizes the deformation and failure evolution patterns of geological hazards along the Suide Qingjian section of the Yellow River Highway in Shaanxi Province through a 1∶10000 field survey,and quantitatively evaluates the property and personnel risks of slope geological hazards. The results show that: ① 51 geological hazards have developed along the Yellow River Highway in the Suide Qingjian section of Shaanxi Province, mainly small-scale bedrock collapses;Collapse includes rock col-lapse and soil collapse, and its failure modes are divided into three categories: toppling, sliding, and falling;The landslides are all loess landslides, with a tensile shear sliding failure mode. ② 51 geological hazards result in an-nual property losses ranging from 0.000 5 to 3.375 million yuan per year, with an annual mortality probability of 4.16×10^(-5)to4.40×10^(-2) per person. Among them, there are 12 low-risk sources, 9 medium risk sources, 18 high-risk sources, and 12 extremely high-risk sources. ③ Based on the failure mode and risk assessment results of the slope, corresponding risk control measures and suggestions have been formulated for the geological haz-ards of the slope in the study area, including relocation avoidance, professional monitoring, engineering preven-tion and control, and group strategy and prevention. The research results provide technical support for geologi-cal hazard prevention and reduction along the Yellow River Highway.

关 键 词：沿黄公路 地质灾害 破坏模式 风险评价 风险管控 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学]