超宽带里德堡原子天线技术研究进展  

Research Progress in Ultra-wideband Rydberg Atomic Antenna Technology

作　　者：贺青 李栋 罗思源 贺寓东[1] 李彪[1] 王强[1] HE Qing;LI Dong;LUO Siyuan;HE Yudong;LI Biao;WANG Qiang(Institute of Electronic Engineering,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang Sichuan 621900,China;Microsystems and Terahertz Research Center,China Academy of Engineering Physics,Chengdu Sichuan 610200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所,四川绵阳621900 [2]中国工程物理研究院微系统与太赫兹研究中心,四川成都610200

出　　处：《广西师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期1-19,共19页Journal of Guangxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12104423);四川省自然科学基金青年基金项目(2024NSFSC1431);中国工程物理研究院院长基金自立项目(YZJJZL2023054);电子工程研究所科技创新基金(J23-02)。

摘　　要：近年来,基于自由电子和电磁场相互作用的传统金属天线在带宽扩展、集成化、灵敏度等方面受到的限制愈发明显,基于里德堡原子的天线技术受到了广泛关注。作为一种高能态原子,里德堡原子用作电磁波的传感接收时,可实现不受Johnson-Nyquist噪声限制的高灵敏度探测,避免传统金属天线的尺寸效应实现超宽带频谱响应,通过全光学的信号读取手段可有效提高系统抗电磁毁伤性能。得益于以上优势,基于里德堡原子天线的电磁波测量技术近年来已经在多方面展现出超越传统金属天线的性能,并预期将对现代雷达和通信等无线电技术产生颠覆性的影响和应用。本文主要综述里德堡原子的探测原理及其从直流到太赫兹的超宽带工作频谱研究进展,详细概述里德堡原子天线实现连续频率测量的国内外现状,并展望其未来发展趋势。In recent years,traditional metal antennas based on the interaction between free electrons and electromagnetic fields have become more and more limited in terms of bandwidth expansion,integration,and sensitivity.Antenna technology based on Rydberg atoms has received extensive attention.As highly excited state atoms,Rydberg atoms,when used as sensing receivers for electromagnetic waves,can achieve high sensitivity detection without being limited by Johnson-Nyquist noise,thereby avoiding the size effects of traditional metal antennas to achieve ultra-wideband frequency response.By utilizing all-optical signal readout methods,the system’s resilience to electromagnetic damage can be effectively improved.Thanks to these advantages,in recent years,electromagnetic wave measurement techniques based on Rydberg atom antennas have demonstrated performance surpassing traditional metal antennas in various aspects,and are expected to have a disruptive impact and applications in modern radar and wireless communication technologies.This article primarily reviews the detection principles of Rydberg atoms and the research progress from DC to terahertz ultra-wideband operating spectrum detection,comprehensively outlines the current domestic and international status of Rydberg atom antennas for continuous frequency measurement,and outlines their future development trends.

关 键 词：里德堡原子 超宽带 原子天线 太赫兹 天线阵列 

分 类 号：TN822.8[电子电信—信息与通信工程]