以全新视角看待孤独症的社交沟通:双重共情问题  

A new perspective on social communication in autism:The double empathy problem

作　　者：曹守静 王馨 CAO Shoujing;WANG Xin(Research Institute of Brain Science and Rehabilitation Medicine,Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Education Science,South China Normal University,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science,Guangzhou 510631,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学脑认知与教育科学教育部重点实验室脑科学与康复医学研究院,广东省心理健康与认知科学重点实验室,广州510631

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2025年第4期539-547,共9页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划资助(2019B030335001)。

摘　　要：在传统的生物医学模型的引领下,多数将孤独症社交沟通问题归咎于其自身的不足,而双重共情问题(double empathy problem)是以社会沟通本质的双向性为基点,认为孤独症难以融入社会环境不仅由于其自身无法理解典型发展人群,典型发展人群亦难以理解孤独症,由于双方之间感知和理解的不匹配,信息的双向脱节,从而导致双方的互动困难。一系列相关研究证实双重共情问题的存在,其内部机制包括行为表达方式的不同和污名化现象,可通过共同阅读模式、同伴支持和人际同步性方式进行干预。未来研究需关注更多年龄层面的孤独症间社交沟通情况,研究评估需考虑孤独症特殊的共情表达,深入研究双方互动过程,并鼓励扩展更多有效的干预方法。Under the guidance of traditional biomedical models,most studies have attributed the social communication deficits in autism to their own social shortcomings.However,the“Double Empathy”problem is rooted in the bidirectional nature of social communication.Autistic individuals face difficulties in integrating into the social environment not only because they themselves struggle to understand typical neurotypical individuals,but also because neurotypical individuals find it challenging to understand autism.Due to a mismatch in perception and understanding between autistic and neurotypical individuals,there is a bidirectional disconnect of information,thereby resulting in difficulties in their interactions.A series of related studies have confirmed the existence of the“Double Empathy”problem,with its internal mechanisms including differences in behavioral expressions and stigmatization.Interventions can be carried out through shared reading patterns,peer support,and interpersonal synchronization methods.Future research should focus on social communication in autistic individuals across different age groups,taking into account the unique expressions of empathy in autism,conducting in-depth studies of the interaction processes between both parties,and encouraging the development of more effective intervention.

关 键 词：双重共情问题 孤独症 社交沟通 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]