联结还是疏离:探究疫情死亡凸显对亲社会意愿的影响及其作用机制  

Connecting or isolating:Investigating the influence of pandemic mortality salience on prosocial intention

作　　者：孟鲁 田宇浩 王海飞 董佳一 蔺星儒 籍宏伟 田启瑞 周梁 MENG Lu;TIAN Yuhao;WANG Haifei;DONG Jiayi;LIN Xingru;JI Hongwei;TIAN Qirui;ZHOU Liang(School of Psychology,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理学院,济南250014

出　　处：《心理学报》2025年第4期652-670,I0016,I0017,共21页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32100853,31871100);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2021QC134);山东省高等学校“青创团队计划”团队(2023KJ196)资助。

摘　　要：疫情死亡凸显的两个方面可能对亲社会意愿有相反作用:疫情凸显启动行为免疫降低亲社会意愿;死亡凸显启动文化世界观防御提升亲社会意愿。新冠大流行期间,本研究发现:相比控制组的疫情亲社会意愿,经典/地震死亡凸显组有提升,而疫情死亡凸显组无显著差别,提示疫情凸显削弱了死亡凸显提升亲社会意愿的倾向;相比控制组的疫情面对面亲社会意愿,疫情非死亡凸显组有降低,而疫情死亡凸显组无显著差别,提示疫情面对面情境中死亡凸显削弱了疫情凸显降低亲社会意愿的倾向,支持假设。疫情结束后,本研究发现:对疫情面对面亲社会意愿而言,疫情死亡凸显、疫情非死亡凸显和控制组无显著差异,但观测到行为免疫的中介作用;对非疫情亲社会意愿而言,疫情死亡凸显组高于控制组(边缘显著),提示在后疫情时代或当亲社会缘由与疫情无关时,疫情凸显对亲社会意愿的降低作用有所削弱,死亡凸显对亲社会意愿的提升作用得以显现;对非疫情亲社会行为而言,疫情死亡凸显、疫情非死亡凸显和控制组无显著差异,提示本研究中对非疫情亲社会意愿的凸显效应不能直接推广至非疫情亲社会行为。总之,本研究分离了疫情凸显和死亡凸显对亲社会意愿的影响,揭示了其在不同社会时期的不同模式。Research has found that mortality salience leads to increased engagement with a cultural worldview,as reflected in heightened prosocial intentions.During the COVID-19 pandemic,the influence of mortality salience on prosocial intention may be distinct.Pandemic mortality salience encompasses information from both pandemic and mortality saliences,with each representing a distinct facet.We hypothesized two opposing mechanisms:On one hand,pandemic salience activates the behavioral immune system,prompting individuals to avoid potential pathogen threats and consequently reducing their prosocial intention.On the other hand,mortality salience initiates cultural worldview defense,prompting individuals to identify with group beliefs and universal values,thus promoting prosocial intentions.Experiment 1 compared typical mortality salience(TMS)and pandemic mortality salience(PMS)conditions to pain salience(PS)control condition.We hypothesized that pandemic salience weakens mortality salience’s effect on promoting prosocial intention.Consequently,we expected that unlike in the TMS condition,pandemic prosocial intention(prosocial intention in pandemic scenarios)in the PMS condition would not significantly increase compared to the PS control condition.However,Experiment 1 was limited in that the TMS and PMS differed in nature,with the latter being more contextually oriented.Hence,Experiment 2 aimed to replicate the findings of Experiment 1 by replacing the TMS condition with the earthquake mortality salience(EMS)condition.Experiment 3 explored whether mortality salience also diminishes the effect of pandemic salience on reducing prosocial intention by comparing prosocial intention under the pandemic non-mortality salience(PNMS),PMS,and PS conditions.As the resource allocation task used to measure prosocial intention in Experiments 1 and 2 potentially led to lower ecological validity,Experiment 3 enhanced the measurement of prosocial intention by assessing volunteer willingness in two scenarios:with and without face-to-face inte

关 键 词：疫情凸显 死亡凸显 亲社会意愿 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]