感知机器人威胁降低亲社会倾向  

Perceived robot threats reduce pro-social tendencies

作　　者：许丽颖 张语嫣 喻丰 XU Liying;ZHANG Yuyan;YU Feng(Department of Psychology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学心理学系,武汉430072

出　　处：《心理学报》2025年第4期671-699,共29页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(20CZX059)。

摘　　要：机器人进入社会可能会对人类造成心理威胁,而这种威胁会给人际关系带来挑战。通过8个研究,结合档案数据库回溯、问卷调查、情境实验和线下调查,文章探讨了感知机器人威胁对亲社会倾向的影响及其内在机制和边界条件。结果发现:感知机器人威胁会降低人们的亲社会倾向(研究1~7);其机制为集体焦虑的中介作用,即感知机器人威胁会增加集体焦虑,从而降低亲社会倾向(研究2~4);此效应受到内外群体的调节,即感知机器人威胁主要会降低对于外群体成员的亲社会倾向(研究5);同时,此效应受到道德比较倾向的调节,即感知机器人威胁主要会降低下行道德比较者的亲社会倾向(研究6)。研究结果揭示了感知机器人威胁对人际关系的负面影响,拓展了现有关于机器人社会影响的研究。The advent of artificial intelligence(AI)presents an inevitable challenge to human society,raising concerns that range from the displacement of human jobs by robots to the increasingly ambiguous boundaries between humans and machines.This phenomenon is conceptualized as the realistic and symbolic threat posed by robots,which engenders collective angst among human beings.This collective angst reflects a concern for the future of the group,manifesting in negative emotions among group members apprehensive about their future.When a group perceives itself to be in crisis,societal cohesion may weaken,leading to increased divisions and aggression,and consequently,a decline in pro-social tendencies.Importantly,this decline is typically observed only toward out-group members,whereas the perceived robotic threat does not diminish pro-social behavior toward in-group members.Additionally,moral comparisons serve as a moderating factor in this dynamic.Downward moral comparisons,which enhance self-improvement and create a moral license that justifies both moral and immoral behaviors(e.g.,a reduction in pro-social behaviors),suggest that the effect of robotic threat on pro-social tendencies is more pronounced among individuals who engage in such comparisons.This research consists of eight studies based on the basic hypothesis that perceived robotic threat reduces people's pro-social tendencies,with collective angst acting as a mediating mechanism,and inside-outside group and moral comparison tendencies moderating its effects.Studies 1a and 1b used pre-existing archival databases to calculate the relationship between perceived robot threat at the individual level and pro-social behavior at the national level.Study 2,on the other hand,used a questionnaire to examine collective angst as a mediating variable between robot threat and reduced pro-social tendencies.Study 3 experimentally manipulated robot threat to similarly validate the mediating role of collective angst.Study 4 excluded the influence of other potential mediators.Stud

关 键 词：亲社会倾向 感知机器人威胁 集体焦虑 外群体 道德比较 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]