构网型风机频率主动支撑特性仿真分析  

Simulation Analysis on Active Frequency Support Features of Grid-Forming Wind Turbine

作　　者：曲胜 唐建平 李洋涛 刘红文 庞家猛 胡鹏 QU Sheng;TANG Jianping;LI Yangtao;LIU Hongwen;PANG Jiameng;HU Peng(CRRC Technology and Innovation(Beijing)Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100192,China;CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou,Hunan 412001,China)

机构地区：[1]中车科技创新(北京)有限公司,北京100192 [2]中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司,湖南株洲412001

出　　处：《控制与信息技术》2025年第1期64-70,共7页CONTROL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

摘　　要：为了对构网型双馈风机的惯量时间常数、下垂系数等关键参数给出定量分析,文章聚焦于构网型双馈风机的频率支撑特性,提出一种构网型风机控制的架构。其首先基于构网型控制和跟网型控制在变流系统控制实现上的主要区别,分析现阶段虚拟同步控制方式和下垂控制方式的主要原理;然后使用PSCAD平台建立了基于所述架构的有功-频率虚拟同步控制、有功-频率下垂控制的构网风机电磁模型,从频率主动支撑关键参数、频率主动支撑特性等技术维度进行了验证。验证结果表明,虚拟同步控制的方式由于模拟了同步机特性,在惯量支撑方面有较好的响应,通过匹配不同的时间常数,可以得到与场景匹配的支撑响应,在频率变化率为1Hz/s时,单个风机实现了5.5%额定功率的有功支撑;而采用下垂控制方式的构网型控制,在一次调频方面有较好的响应,下垂系数可以在5%~10%之间进行有效调整,但对电网频率变化率的惯量支撑效果不明显。This paper presents an architecture for controlling grid-forming wind turbines,focusing on the frequency support features of grid-forming wind turbines based on doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG),for the purpose of quantitatively analyzing their key parameters,including inertia time constant and droop coefficient.Based on the main differences between"grid-forming"control and"grid-following"control in the implementation of conversion system control,the initial analysis addressed the main principles of currently prevailing approaches:virtual synchronous control mode and droop control mode.Then,an electromagnetic model of grid-forming wind turbines was established based on the proposed architecture and PSCAD platform,incorporating active power-frequency(P-F)virtual synchronization control and active power-frequency droop control.Subsequent verification was conducted on technical aspects,including the key parameters and features of active frequency support.The results showed good response performance in inertia support for the virtual synchronization control mode,due to its imitation on synchronizer characteristics.It is feasible to achieve scenario-matching inertia support response by applying suitable time constants.Single wind turbine achieves an active support of 5.5% of the rated power when frequency change rate is 1 Hz/s.On the contrary,the gridforming wind turbines utilizing the droop control mode exhibited diminished inertia support response,despite their good performance in responding primary frequency regulation,and the droop coefficient of wind turbine can be effectively adjusted between 5% and 10%.

关 键 词：构网型风电机组 频率主动支撑 虚拟同步 下垂控制 惯量响应 一次调频 

分 类 号：TK81[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]