中国农地市场化流转何以放缓?一个历史的考察——基于波兰尼双向运动理论视角分析  

A Historical Survey of Why the Market-oriented Transfer of Agricultural Land in China Has Slowed Down:From the Perspective of Polanyi’s Bidirectional Motion Theory

作　　者：刘旭阳 Liu Xuyang(Research Institute of Discipline Inspection and Supervision,Henan Academy of Social Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 451464,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省社会科学院纪检监察研究所,河南郑州451464

出　　处：《湖北工程学院学报》2025年第2期104-117,共14页Journal of Hubei Engineering University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“农村土地制度改革赋能乡村全面振兴的机理及政策优化研究”(24BJL062)。

摘　　要：农村土地制度安排是经典的“农政问题”之一。本文聚焦中国农村土地流转这一重大时代课题,以波兰尼的双向运动理论为分析框架,运用布罗代尔的长时段历史分析方法,通过系统梳理改革开放四十多年来中国农村土地流转的发展脉络,试图揭示2017年以来农地市场化流转放缓的深层次原因。研究发现,四十多年来中国农村土地流转大致经历了停滞、加速和放缓三个阶段:农地从“嵌入”社会——被赋予社会政治功能和意义而禁止流转,到“脱嵌”于社会——弱化社会政治功能和意义、成为重要市场要素而加速流转,再到“再嵌入”社会——再次突显其社会政治功能和意义而被限制流转。2017年以来农地市场化流转放缓便是一场波兰尼式的保护性反向运动,旨在缓解早期土地过度流转的不良后果。研究认为,土地不是也不能是一种商品,尤其是在当今中国,农地依然承担着维护国家粮食安全、促进社会稳定和保护农民生计的历史重任,其社会政治功能显著高于经济功能,故其流转速度和规模必须受到严格控制。The arrangement of rural land system is one of the classic“agricultural policy issues”.This article focuses on the major issue of rural land transfer in China,using Polanyi’s two-way movement theory as the analytical framework and employs Broder’s long-term historical analysis method.By systematically reviewing the development of rural land transfer in China over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,it makes an attempt to reveal the underlying reasons for the country’s slowdown in market-oriented agricultural land transfer since 2017.Research has found that rural land circulation in China has gone through three stages of stagnation,acceleration and slowdown over the past forty years.Agricultural land has gone from being"embedded"in society-being given social and political functions and meanings and prohibited from circulation,to being"detached"from society-stripping away social and political functions and meanings and becoming an important market factor and accelerating circulation and then to being"re-embedded"in society-once again being given social and political functions and meanings and restricted from circulation.The decision to slow down the market-oriented transfer of agricultural land since 2017 is a Polish style protective reverse movement which aimed at alleviating the adverse consequences of early excessive land transfer.Research suggests that land is not and cannot be a commodity,in particular in current China.Farmland still bears the historical responsibility of maintaining national food security,promoting social stability and protecting farmers’livelihoods.Its social and political functions are significantly higher than its economic functions.Hence its circulation speed and scale must be strictly controlled.

关 键 词：市场化 土地流转 发展脉络 反向运动 控制 

分 类 号：F320[经济管理—产业经济]