植硅体记录下的兴隆新石器时代遗址的气候和植被变化  

Climate and Vegetation Changes at Xinglong Neolithic Site Recorded by Phytoliths

作　　者：邱振威 庄丽娜 Qiu Zhenwei;Zhuang Lina

机构地区：[1]中国国家博物馆,北京100006

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2025年第1期91-107,共17页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“文化科技与现代服务业”重点专项“北方旱作农业起源、形成与发展研究(一期)”(批准号:2022YFF0903500);国家自然科学基金项目“坝上草原全新世早期的旱作农业与人类适应:以兴隆遗址为例”(批准号:42107470)共同资助。

摘　　要：植硅体分析在复原古人类生活环境和考古遗址气候特征方面发挥了重要作用。2022年,中国国家博物馆组织并主导了对河北康保兴隆遗址南部自然沟的解剖与清理工作。为揭示遗址周边的植被景观与气候变化,我们选取该自然沟的沉积剖面,进行古环境替代指标分析。植硅体记录揭示,自新仙女木事件结束以来,遗址所在区域经历了多个气候阶段,包括升温期、相对暖湿的温干期、迅速干凉化时期、干冷期及持续干冷期。在整体干冷化趋势下,约10000-7000 cal.BP环境景观相对较好,为先民提供了宜居的生存条件。很可能正是在这个时期,兴隆先民择机断续利用此山间小盆地,其西北依山、东南傍水的独特微观地貌为他们提供了理想的栖居场所。他们迁入定居,并逐渐选择粟黍种植作为采集狩猎的有效补充,发展出几千年来相对连续且丰富的物质文化和精神信仰。Phytolith analysis has played a significant role in reconstructing the living environment of ancient humans and the climatic characteristics of archaeological sites.In 2022,the National Museum of China led an in-depth dissection and excavation work of the natural gully in the south of the Xinglong site in Kangbao County,Hebei.To uncover the vegetation landscape and climate changes around the site,we selected the sediment profile from the natural gully for paleoenvironmental proxy analysis.The phytolith records reveal that since the end of the Younger Dryas event,the region where the site is located has undergone multiple climate stages,including warming,relatively warm and humid,rapidly drying and cooling,dry-cold,and persistent dry-cold periods.Amidst the overall process of drying and cooling,the environmental landscape was relatively favorable between about 10,000 and 7,000 cal.BP,providing relatively suitable living conditions for ancient inhabitants.It was likely during this period that the Xinglong ancestors intermittently utilized this small intermountain basin,whose unique micro-landform,with hills to the northwest and water to the southeast,provided them with an ideal habitat.They migrated in and settled down,gradually choosing millet cultivation as an effective supplement to gathering and hunting,and developed a relatively continuous and rich material culture and spiritual beliefs over thousands of years.

关 键 词：植硅体 兴隆 植被景观 气候演变 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]