CO_(2)还原合成甲醇反应器研究进展  

Research progress on reactors for reduction of CO_(2) to methanol

作　　者：李鹏阳 张彩东 王改荣 田志强 韩星 牛佳星 李兰杰 LI Pengyang;ZHANG Caidong;WANG Gairong;TIAN Zhiqiang;HAN Xing;NIU Jiaxing;LI Lanjie(Hebei HBIS Material Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050023,Hebei,China;Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Technology of Hydrogen Metallurgy in Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050023,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北河钢材料技术研究院有限公司,河北石家庄050023 [2]河北省氢冶金低碳技术重点实验室,河北石家庄050023

出　　处：《低碳化学与化工》2025年第3期1-11,共11页Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

基　　金：京津冀基础研究合作专项(E2021318022)。

摘　　要：CO_(2)还原合成甲醇是实现碳减排和碳资源利用的有效途径之一。反应器作为CO_(2)还原合成甲醇反应系统的核心,其优化和创新至关重要。介绍了CO_(2)还原合成甲醇3种催化途径(热催化、光催化和电催化),综述了CO_(2)还原合成甲醇反应器研究进展及其优缺点,并对反应器后续的研究方向和应用前景进行了展望。热催化反应器改进可采用原位冷凝、原位吸附和膜分离技术,旨在打破热力学平衡限制和解决副产水导致的催化剂失活问题,但膜在热催化条件下不具备长期稳定性,因此开发高热稳定性、高化学稳定性的膜材料是关键。光催化作为绿色路线应用前景广阔,但目前反应器效率较低且需要恒定光源,而系统稳定性不佳也制约了其规模放大,可通过改进反应器结构和研发新型光活化材料,提高反应器光利用、光捕获性能,以及改善传质。电催化途径反应条件温和,可以再生电力为驱动,工业应用潜力巨大,在反应器(电解槽)中应用气体扩散电极(GDE)可有效增强传质和提高电极效率,但存在气体扩散层堵塞、系统稳定性差和膜寿命短等问题。Reduction of CO_(2) to methanol is an effective pathway for achieving carbon reduction and carbon resource utilization.As the core of the CO₂to methanol reduction system,the optimization and innovation of reactors are crucial.Three catalytic pathways(thermal catalysis,photocatalysis and electrocatalysis)for reduction of CO_(2) to methanol were introduced.The research progress on reactors for reduction of CO_(2) to methanol and their advantages and disadvantages were reviewed,and future research directions and application prospects were discussed.For thermal catalytic reactors,in-situ condensation,in-situ adsorption and membrane separation technologies can be employed to overcome thermodynamic equilibrium limitations and address catalyst deactivation caused by by-product water.However,membranes lack long-term stability under thermal catalytic conditions,making the development of membranes with high thermal and chemical stability essential.Photocatalysis,as a green pathway,holds great application potential,but reactor efficiency is currently low and requires a constant light source.Moreover,poor system stability limits its scalability.Improvements in reactor structure and the development of novel photoactive materials are needed to enhance light utilization and capture,as well as mass transfer.Electrocatalysis operates under mild conditions and can be driven by renewable electricity,offering significant industrial potential.The application of gas diffusion electrodes(GDE)in reactors(electrolyzers)can effectively enhance mass transfer and improve electrode efficiency.However,there are issues such as gas diffusion layer blockage,poor system stability and short membrane lifespan.

关 键 词：CO_(2)还原 甲醇 热催化 光催化 电催化 反应器 

分 类 号：TQ052[化学工程] TQ223