垃圾衍生燃料气化技术研究进展  

Research progress on refuse-derived fuel gasification technology

作　　者：龚梦银 郭帅 李伟[1,2] 任强强 GONG Mengyin;GUO Shuai;LI Wei;REN Qiangqiang(Institute of Engineering Thermophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院工程热物理研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《低碳化学与化工》2025年第3期58-70,共13页Low-Carbon Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导专项A类课题(XDA290020300)。

摘　　要：在生活垃圾量显著增大和能源需求不断攀升的背景下,将垃圾转化为能源是一种可行的双赢解决方案。相比于传统燃烧,垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)气化将难利用的固废转化为易催化转化的合成气,且飞灰和二噁英等有害物质排放显著下降,具有较大的发展潜力和应用前景。气化效率与经济性是RDF气化规模化利用的关键,因此选取合适的气化技术及调控关键操作运行参数至关重要。介绍了RDF分类与制备方法、成分特点、研究热点和气化原理,总结了典型RDF气化技术的优缺点,重点分析了原料组成、气化温度、气化介质、当量比、催化剂类型和使用条件等因素对RDF气化的影响。固定床气化技术适用于小型气化站及热电联产,流化床气化技术适用于规模化工业合成工艺,等离子气化技术适用于处理危废。提升RDF气化效率及合成气品质可通过优化原料组分、选择合适的气化介质和催化剂以及调整反应工况来实现。未来的研究可集中在开发新型高效RDF气化技术、优化RDF气化过程控制策略以及集成RDF气化与其他能源系统。Against the backdrop of a significant increase in household waste and rising energy demand,converting household waste into energy is a viable win-win solution.Compared with traditional combustion,refuse-derived fuel(RDF)gasification converts difficult-to-use solid waste into syngas that can be easily catalytically converted,and the emission of harmful substances such as fly ash and dioxins is significantly reduced,which has great development potential and application prospects.Gasification efficiency and economy are key factors for the large-scale utilization of RDF gasification,so the selection of appropriate gasification technology and the control of key influencing factors are very important.The RDF classification and preparation methods,composition characteristics,research hotspots and gasification principles were introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages of typical RDF gasification technologies were summarized,and the influences of raw material compositions,gasification temperatures,gasification mediums,equivalent ratios,catalyst types and conditions of use and other factors on RDF gasification were analyzed.Fixed-bed gasification technology is suitable for small-scale gasification stations and cogeneration,and fluidized bed gasification technology is suitable for large-scale industrial synthesis process,and plasma gasification technology is suitable for treating hazardous waste.The improvement of RDF gasification efficiency and syngas quality can be achieved by optimizing the compositions of raw materials,selecting appropriate gasification medium and catalysts,and adjusting the reaction conditions.Future research can focus on developing new and efficient RDF gasification technologies,optimizing RDF gasification process control strategies,and integrating RDF gasification with other energy systems.

关 键 词：生活垃圾 垃圾衍生燃料 气化技术 影响因素 

分 类 号：TQ031[化学工程] X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]