草药改良剂对农田连续栽培人参及土壤的影响  

Effect of Herbal Amendments on Continuous Panax ginseng Cultivation and Soil in Farmland

作　　者：李洁 于大德 陈莹莹 朱亮亮 李西文[1] LI Jie;YU Dade;CHEN Yingying;ZHU Liangliang;LI Xiwen(Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;College of Chinese Materia Medica,Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine,Kunming 650500,China;China Medico Corporation,Tianjin 300301,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]云南中医药大学中药学院,昆明650500 [3]天津盛实百草药业有限公司,天津300301

出　　处：《世界中医药》2025年第1期9-18,共10页World Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(81891013);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(ZZ15-YQ-031,ZXKT210333);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2024C003YN,CI2021A04505)。

摘　　要：目的:人参栽培中连作障碍严重,根腐病多发,严重影响产量及质量。寻找人参连续种植下的绿色土壤改良措施,有利于减少病害发生,促进植株生长,改善土壤条件,助力农田栽参可持续发展。方法:本研究选择草药组合、玉米秸秆(常规对照)及农药(阳性对照)作为土壤改良剂,以不使用任何材料为空白对照在大田开展实验,观察不同处理对连作土中人参根腐病的抑制作用和土壤改良作用。结果:草药改良剂处理后,相较于空白对照组根腐病控制效果达到75.0%。草药组合的施用促进了土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、有效钾含量的提高,有利于人参根部皂苷含量的积累,6种皂苷含量之和与空白对照组比较增加了61.5%,此外还能改善土壤真菌群落组成,Fusarium相对丰度在草药组和空白对照组比较减少了50.6%。结论:本研究筛选出的草药组合有利于减少连作中的根腐病发生,改善土壤理化性质及酶活性。Objective:Continuous cropping of Panax ginseng leads to serious obstacles,including root rot diseases,which severely impact yield and quality.Identifying green soil improvement measures for P.ginseng cultivation under continuous planting is beneficial for reducing disease occurrence,promoting plant growth,improving soil conditions,and supporting the sustainable development of P.ginseng farming.Methods:This study selected a herbal mixture,corn straw(as the conventional control),and pesticides(as the positive control)as soil amendments.An experiment was conducted in the field with no material added as the blank control.The effect of different treatments on inhibiting P.ginseng root rot and improving soil conditions in continuous cropping soils was observed.Results:After applying the herbal amendments,the control effect on root rot disease reached 75.0%compared to the blank control.The herbal mixture treatment promoted an increase in soil organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,and effective potassium content,which facilitated the accumulation of P.ginseng root saponins.The total saponin content increased by 61.5%compared to the blank control group.Additionally,the herbal amendments improved the soil fungal community composition,with Fusarium relative abundance reduced by 50.6%in the herbal group compared to the blank control group.Conclusion:The herbal mixture identified in this study is beneficial for reducing root rot disease in continuous cropping,improving soil physical and chemical properties,and enhancing enzyme activity.

关 键 词：人参 农田栽参 绿色防控 连作障碍 根腐病 草药 土壤改良 中药栽培 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]