四大怀药非药用部位现代研究特点分析  

Research Progress on the Non-medicinal Parts of the Four Major Huai Medicines

作　　者：谢海生 周欣欣 刘茜茜 苗明三[1] XIE Haisheng;ZHOU Xinxin;LIU Qianqian;MIAO Mingsan(Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学中医药科学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《世界中医药》2025年第1期174-180,共7页World Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家中医药管理局联合开放课题(GZYKJS-2022-040-1);岐黄学者支持项目(国中医药人教函2022-6);河南省国际合作重点项目(231111521200);豫药全产业链研发河南省协同创新中心项目(豫科技〔2023〕175号)。

摘　　要：四大怀药用药历史悠久、疗效确切,又是我国重要的药食同源品种,应用广泛,市场需求广阔。在生产应用过程中,大量四大怀药非药用部位被忽略或丢弃,造成了极大的资源浪费。中药材非药用部位资源的开发利用是目前的研究热点,研究表明,同一种药用植物的不同部位常含有相同或相似的化学成分和生理活性,非药用部位某些化学成分含量甚至高于药用部位。基于公开发表文献,对“四大怀药”的非药用部位的功能主治、古今药用、化学成分、药理作用、资源利用途径等归纳分析,旨在提高中药资源利用率、推动中药产业发展,中药生态农业的生态功能提升及通过生态功能助力经济功能发展提供思考和借鉴。大多数非药用部位使用历史悠久,化学成分丰富,药理作用显著,可应用于食品、药品、保健品、畜牧业和化学等行业。未来可在质量管理、基础理论研究、产品开发等方面合理的开发利用四大怀药的非药用部位。The four major Huai medicines have a long history of use,proven therapeutic efficacy,and are important medicinal and edible plants in China,widely applied in various fields with a broad market demand.In the process of production and application,many non-medicinal parts of these medicines are often neglected or discarded,resulting in significant resource waste.The development and utilization of non-medicinal parts of Chinese medicinal materials have become a current research hotspot.Studies have shown that different parts of the same medicinal plant often contain the same or similar chemical components and physiological activities,with some chemical constituents in non-medicinal parts even being present in higher concentrations than in the medicinal parts.This review,based on publicly published literature,summarizes and analyzes the functional indications,historical and modern medicinal uses,chemical components,pharmacological effects,and resource utilization approaches of the non-medicinal parts of the four major Huai medicines,aiming to increase the utilization rate of medicinal resources,promote the development of the Chinese medicine industry,enhance the ecological functions of Chinese medicine ecological agriculture,and provide insights and reference for boosting economic development through ecological functions.Most non-medicinal parts have a long history of use,are rich in chemical components,and exhibit significant pharmacological effects,making them applicable in industries such as food,pharmaceuticals,health products,animal husbandry,and chemicals.In the future,rational development and utilization of non-medicinal parts of the four major Huai medicines can be explored in areas such as quality management,basic theoretical research,and product development.

关 键 词：四大怀药 山药 地黄 牛膝 菊花 古今药用 非药用部位 资源利用 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学]