听神经瘤术后患者误吸风险评估与导引式专项护理的应用研究  

Application study on aspiration risk assessment and guided special care for patients with a-coustic neuroma after surgery

作　　者：许慧娜 李亚瑞 路风瑞 任男男 张林聪 XU Hui-na;LI Ya-rui;LU Feng-rui;REN Nan-nan;ZHANG Lin-cong(Department of Neurosurgery,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学第一附属医院神经外科,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《实用医院临床杂志》2025年第2期113-116,共4页Practical Journal of Clinical Medicine

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划项目(编号:LHGJ20220429)。

摘　　要：目的通过科学的误吸风险评估体系,制定个性化的导引式专项护理方案,并验证其有效性,以优化听神经瘤术后患者的护理流程,提升护理质量,并改善患者的生活质量。方法选取2022年1月至2023年12月我院收治的150例听神经瘤术后患者,采用数字随机表法分为对照组与试验组各75例,对照组实施常规护理,试验组应用误吸高危评估导引式专项护理。比较两组患者不良事件发生情况、吞咽功能、营养指标。结果护理后1周试验组进食误吸、噎食、吸入性肺炎、呼吸系统感染人数及发生率均少于对照组(P<0.05);临床检查、洼田饮水试验及总分均低于对照组(P<0.05);血清白蛋白、血红蛋白、铁、锌明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论听神经瘤术后患者误吸风险评估与导引式专项护理的应用研究取得了显著成果,为听神经瘤术后患者的护理提供了新思路和方法。Objective To improve the quality of care and improve the quality of life in patients with acoustic neuroma after surgery through a scientific aspiration risk assessment system and development of a personalized guided special care plan as well as verification of its effectiveness to optimize the nursing process.Methods One hundred and fifty postoperative patients with acoustic neuroma admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected.The patients were divided into a control group and an experimental group by using digital random table method,75 patients in each group.The control group received routine nursing care.The experimental group received specialized nursing care guided by high-risk assessment of aspiration.The occurrence of adverse events,swallowing function and nutritional indicators were compared between the two groups.Results One week after nursing,the number and incidence of cases of aspiration,choking,aspiration pneumonia and respiratory infections in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The clinical examination,Wadian drinking water test,and total score in the experimental group were all lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of ALB,Hb,Fe and Zn in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions The application research on the risk assessment of aspiration in postoperative patients with acoustic neuroma and guided specialized nursing has achieved significant results.It provides new ideas and methods for the nursing of postoperative patients with acoustic neuroma.

关 键 词：误吸高危评估 导引式专项护理 听神经瘤术后 误吸风险 营养管理 

分 类 号：R473.76[医药卫生—护理学]