论宋明理学观念下的造律理论——以朱熹、蔡元定、倪复等人的律学文本为中心  

On the Theory of Law-Making Under the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming Dynasties:Centered on the Musicological Texts of Zhu Xi,Cai Yuanding,Ni Fu,and Others

作　　者：李强[1,2] Li Qiang

机构地区：[1]中国艺术研究院 [2]湖南理工学院

出　　处：《中国音乐》2025年第2期104-114,共11页Chinese Music

基　　金：2022年教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“中国历代朝贡音乐史料的搜集、整理与研究”(项目编号:22YJC760039)的阶段成果。

摘　　要：宋明理学群体构建了一套完备的造律知识体系。他们将“以管定律”作为造律理论的基本准则,其中朱熹、蔡元定、倪复等人确定了造律的具体方式,并制作律器与乐器实验求证。在律学运算方面,以“圆田术”举证“汉斛铭文”,一则“以十为体”,确定黄钟律管围径、容积之数;一则“以九为用”,解决律管长度的精确性问题。在厘清造律逻辑后,总结其历史特征:其一,确认经学知识是造律理论的学术渊源;其二,主张回归自然,继承先秦“听律”传统;其三,对于“候气之法”展现出矛盾的态度。同时还认为,蔡元定、倪复倡导理性造律,否定累黍,其实质是对宫廷极端造律的反叛。The Neo-Confucianism community constructed a comprehensive system of knowledge on temperament-making,with the principle of"determining the pitch with temperament pipe"serving as its theoretical foundation.Key figures such as Zhu Xi,Cai Yuanding,and Ni Fu established specific methods for temperament-making,designed temperament instruments and musical instruments,and conducted verifications.In temperament calculation,the"Round Field Technique"was employed to provide evidence for the“Han Hu Inscription,”utilizing"the decimal system as the noumenon"to calculate the circumference,diameter,and volume of the Huang Zhong pipe,and"the novenary system in practice"to address the accuracy of temperament pipe lengths.After clarifying the logical structure of temperament-making,this study summarizes its historical characteristics as follows:(1)the knowledge of Confucianism was confirmed as the academic origin of temperament-making theory;(2)it advocated a return to nature and the inheritance of the pre-Qin tradition of"listening to temperament";and(3)it exhibited a contradictory stance toward the concept of"hou qi."Additionally,it was found that Cai Yuanding and Ni Fu promoted rational temperament-making and partially negated the court's extreme"arranging millet"method,reflecting a subtle rebellion against court-imposed practices.

关 键 词：宋明理学 以管定律 以十为体 以九为用 理性造律 

分 类 号：J609.2[艺术—音乐]