催化活性纳米酶在疾病检测中的研究进展  

Advances in Catalytically Active Nanozymes for Disease Diagnosis

作　　者：黄国栋 金政 林玉红 赵凯 Huang Guodong;Jin Zheng;Lin Yuhong;Zhao Kai(College of Life Science and Medicine,Zhejiang Science and Technology University,Hangzhou,310018;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation,Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and High-end Dosage Forms,College of Life Sciences,Taizhou University,Taizhou,318000)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学生命科学与医药学院,杭州310018 [2]台州学院生命科学学院浙江省植物进化生态学与保护重点实验室、台州市生物医药与高端剂型重点实验室,台州318000

出　　处：《化学通报(中英文)》2025年第3期255-261,271,共8页Chemistry

基　　金：浙江省‘尖兵’‘领雁’研发攻关计划项目(2022C02031);国家自然科学基金项目(32170844);浙江省自然科学基金联合项目(LTY22E030002);台州市科技计划项目(22gyb02)资助。

摘　　要：疾病的早期检测对于提高治疗效果、减少并发症以及降低医疗成本至关重要。当前广泛应用于检测系统的天然酶,如辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)、Taq聚合酶等,虽然具有较高的催化活性,但其较低的稳定性以及高昂的成本导致实际应用受到限制。相比之下,纳米酶是一类能够模拟天然酶活性的纳米材料,因其高稳定性、低成本和良好的生物相容性而在生物医学领域,特别是疾病检测中展现出重要的应用前景。本文概述了应用于疾病检测的纳米酶的分类及催化机制,重点介绍其在传染病、癌症和代谢性疾病检测中的应用,并对纳米酶在该领域的发展方向做出展望。旨在推动疾病检测技术的革命性进步,促进更精准、高效的早期检测体系建立,为医疗健康领域提供有价值的技术参考。Early detection of diseases is crucial for improving treatment efficacy,reducing complications,and lowering healthcare costs.Natural enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase(HRP)and Taq polymerase,which are widely used in detection systems,have high catalytic activity,but their low stability and high cost limit their practical application.In contrast,nanozymes,a class of nanomaterials capable of mimicking the activity of natural enzymes,show significant application prospects in biomedical fields,especially in disease detection,due to their high stability,low cost and good biocompatibility.This paper provides a systematic overview of the classification of nanozymes applied in disease detection and their possible catalytic mechanisms,focusing on their applications in the detection of infectious diseases,cancers and metabolic diseases.Prospects for the development direction of nanozymes in this field are discussed.It aims to promote the revolutionary advancement of disease detection technology,facilitate the establishment of a more accurate and efficient early detection system,and provide valuable technical references for the medical and healthcare fields.

关 键 词：纳米酶 疾病检测 催化 酶活性 

分 类 号：O657[理学—分析化学] TQ426.97[理学—化学] R44[化学工程]