新疆地区支气管哮喘患儿吸入性过敏原分布现况研究  

Distribution of Inhaled Allergens in Children with Bronchial Asthma in Xinjiang

作　　者：鲁非凡 杨智翔 马香萍 LU Feifan;YANG Zhixiang;MA Xiangping(College of Pediatrics,Xinjiang Medical University,Urumqi 830054,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学儿科学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [2]新疆医科大学第一附属医院儿科中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830054

出　　处：《中国医学创新》2025年第8期146-150,共5页Medical Innovation of China

摘　　要：目的:分析新疆地区支气管哮喘患儿常见吸入性过敏原分布情况,为新疆地区过敏性哮喘的防治工作提供流行病学资料和临床诊治的依据。方法:收集2020年1月—2022年6月就诊于新疆医科大学第一附属医院的397例明确诊断为支气管哮喘且长期居住在乌鲁木齐及周边地区的患儿,收集患儿的一般资料及临床资料,进行特异性IgE抗体检测,根据检测结果分析本地区支气管哮喘患儿吸入性过敏原分布特征,分析原因并总结特点。结果:397例支气管哮喘患儿中,引起儿童哮喘致敏的吸入性过敏原位于首位的是艾蒿(42.82%),而屋尘螨(27.20%)及藜草(26.95%)分别位于第2、3位;在过敏原检测结果中,藜草、榆树阳性反应强度以“3级”为主;艾蒿、屋尘螨、豚草、黄青霉、柳树、蟑螂、小麦、烟曲霉阳性反应强度以“2级”为主;男性患者中榆树阳性检出率高于女性,黄青霉阳性率低于女性(P<0.05);7~14岁的儿童对榆树的阳性率明显高于3~6岁儿童(P<0.05);不同年份间屋尘螨、蟑螂、烟曲霉、黄青霉、艾蒿阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:不同年龄段、不同性别过敏原的种类、分布、等级各有特点,在一定程度上可以反映新疆地区过敏原的分布特点和规律,可为新疆地区支气管哮喘的防治工作提供流行病学资料和临床诊治的依据。Objective:To analyze the distribution of common inhaled allergens in children with bronchial asthma in Xinjiang,and to provide epidemiological data and clinical basis for the prevention and treatment of allergic asthma in Xinjiang.Method:A total of 397 children diagnosed with bronchial asthma who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2020 to June 2022 and lived in Urumqi and surrounding areas for a long time were collected.General and clinical data of the children were collected,and specific IgE antibody detection was performed.Based on the test results,the distribution characteristics of inhaled allergens in children with bronchial asthma in this area were analyzed,the causes were analyzed and the characteristics were summarized.Result:In 397 children with bronchial asthma,artemisia(42.82%)was the first inhalant allergen,house dust mite(27.20%)andchenopodium(26.95%)were the second and third allergens.In the results of allergen detection,the positive reaction intensity of chenopodium and elm was mainly"grade 3".The positive reaction intensity ofartemisia,house dust mite,common ragweed,Penicillium chrysogenum,willow,cockroach,wheat and Aspergillus fumigatus was mainly"grade 2".The positive detection rate of elm in male patients was higher than that in female patients,the positive rate ofPenicillium chrysogenum was lower than that in female patients(P<0.05).The positive rate of elm in children aged 7-14 years was higher than that in children aged 3-6 years(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the positive rates of house dust mites,cockroach,Aspergillus fumigatus,Penicillium chrysogenum andartemisia in different years(P<0.05).Conclusion:The types,distribution and grades of allergens of different ages and genders have their own characteristics,which can reflect the distribution characteristics and rules of allergens in Xinjiang to a certain extent,and provide epidemiological data and clinical diagnosis and treatment basis for the prevention and treatment o

关 键 词：支气管哮喘 过敏原 特异性IGE 阳性率 新疆地区 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]