基于超声波技术的铁路客车制动缸螺栓组拧紧工艺优化  

Optimization of Bolt Group Tightening Process for Brake Cylinder of Railway Passenger Car Based on Ultrasonic Technology

作　　者：陈燕 孙超 王张翼 王春生[2] 曹原[2] 陈有根[2] 杨波[2] CHEN Yan;SUN Chao;WANG Zhangyi;WANG Chunsheng;CAO Yuan;CHEN Yougen;YANG Bo(CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210031,China;School of Automation,Central South University,Changsha 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司,江苏南京210031 [2]中南大学自动化学院,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《智慧轨道交通》2025年第2期75-78,84,共5页INTELLIGENT RAIL TRANSIT

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62103443,61973322)。

摘　　要：针对铁路客车单元制动缸在检修后出现0 km漏气的问题,采用超声波测量螺栓预紧力的原理,研究了不同影响因素(高温、低温、振动和拧紧工艺)对铁路客车制动缸螺栓组预紧力衰减的影响,并利用各因素下的衰减特性进行了优化拧紧工艺的调整。此外,还验证了ASME PCC—2022《压力边界螺栓法兰接头组件指南》在紧固工艺方面的指导,优化现有拧紧工艺,即采用分步拧紧以及复拧的工艺方式。研究结果表明,通过优化拧紧工艺,可以显著减缓预紧力的衰减速度,降低单元制动缸预紧力衰减以及解决分布不均的问题。这些发现为铁路客车的维护和检修提供了关键支持,有望在实际应用中提高铁路客车制动系统的性能和可靠性。To solve the problem of 0 km air leak after maintenance of the unit brake cylinder of railway passenger car,the principle of measuring the pre-tightening force of bolts with ultrasonic waves is adopted to study the effects of different factors(high temperature,low temperature,vibration and tightening process)on the attenuation of pre-tightening force of the bolt group for brake cylinder of railway passenger car,and the attenuation characteristics with different factors are used to optimize the adjustment of tightening process.In addition,the guidance of ASME PCC—2022 Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint Assembly in the fastening process is verified and the current tightening process is optimized,adopting the process of tightening in steps and retightening.The result shows that the optimization of the tightening process allows to obviously slow down the attenuation of pre-tightening force,reduce the attenuation of pre-tightening force of the unit brake cylinder and solve the problem of uneven distribution of pre-tightening force.These findings provide a critical support for the maintenance of railway passenger cars and are expected to improve the performance and the reliability of the brake system of railway passenger car in the practical application.

关 键 词：铁路客车 制动缸 螺栓组装 超声波技术 工艺优化 

分 类 号：U279.3[机械工程—车辆工程]