1990~2020年哈尔里克山冰川面积变化及其对气候的响应  

Glacier Variations in Response to Climate Change in the Karlik Mountain from 1990 to 2020

作　　者：贺晓敏 刘斌[1,2] 冯志敏 HE Xiaomin;LIU Bin;FENG Zhimin(College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830017,China;Xinjiang Academy of Surveying and Mapping,Urumqi 830002,China;Urumqi Meteorological Satellite Ground Station,Urumqi 830001,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学地理与遥感科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830017 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区测绘科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]乌鲁木齐气象卫星地面站,新疆乌鲁木齐830001

出　　处：《遥感技术与应用》2024年第6期1373-1382,共10页Remote Sensing Technology and Application

基　　金：中亚大气科学研究基金项目(CAAS201816)。

摘　　要：位于新疆天山东部的哈尔里克山冰川是典型的大陆型冰川,对气候变化响应极为敏感,研究哈尔里克山冰川现状及变化趋势具有重要的现实意义。基于Landsat TM、ETM+及OLI遥感影像,DEM数据等资料,采用波段比值阈值法和目视解译相结合的方法,提取了1990年、2000年、2010年、2020年4期冰川边界信息,研究了近30a天山东段哈尔里克山冰川面积的分布、变化及其对气候变化的响应关系。结果表明:(1)1990~2020年冰川面积呈持续退缩的趋势,冰川面积缩小28.34 km^(2),年平均退缩速率为0.73%·a^(-1),其中,2010年后冰川末端退缩速度最快。(2)随着海拔的升高,研究区的冰川分布呈现先增后减的趋势,海拔3800~4600 m冰川分布最多;小规模冰川(≤0.5 km^(2))的数量和面积都在增加,规模较大冰川(≥1 km^(2))的面积和数量都在减少;不同坡向的冰川也呈不同程度的退缩趋势,其中东坡冰川面积退缩速率最快,冰川分布呈西多东少、北多南少的特点;各个坡度的冰川也存在明显的退缩趋势,其中30°~35°范围内退缩最快。(3)综合分析研究区气候资料表明,1990~2020年研究区冰川面积变化主要与该时段气温升高,而降水减少有关,气温上升是导致冰川面积退缩加速的主要原因。The Karlik Mountains glacier located in the eastern part of Xinjiang Tianshan is a typical continental glacier,which is extremely sensitive to the response of climate change.Based on Landsat TM,ETM+and OLI remote sensing images,DEM data and other information,the glacier boundary information was extracted for four periods of 1990,2000,2010 and 2020 using a combination of band ratio method and visual interpretation,and the distribution and variation of glacier area in Karlik Mountain in the eastern Tien Shan Mountains and its response to climate change during the past 30 years were studied.The results show that:(1)the glacier area showed a continuous retreat trend from 1990 to 2020,and the glacier area shrank by 28.34 km^(2)with an average annual retreat rate of 0.73%·a^(-1),among which,the retreat rate of the glacier end was the fastest after 2010.(2)As the altitude rises,the distribution of glaciers in the study area shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing,with the most glaciers distributed at altitudes of 3800~4600 m;the number and area of small-scale glaciers(≤0.5 km^(2))are increasing,while the area and number of larger-scale glaciers(≥1 km^(2))are decreasing;glaciers on different slopes also show different degrees of retreat,with the fastest rate of retreat on the east slope.The distribution of glaciers is characterized by more in the west and less in the east,and more in the north and less in the south;glaciers of different slopes also have obvious retreat trends,among which the retreat is the fastest in the range of 30°~35°.(3)A comprehensive analysis of the climate data in the study area shows that the change of glacier area in the study area from 1990 to 2020 is mainly related to the increase of temperature and decrease of precipitation in the period,and the increase of temperature is the main reason for the acceleration of glacier area retreat.

关 键 词：冰川面积变化 气候响应 比值阈值法 遥感影像 哈尔里克山 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]