从述宾短语到假设标记:“到时候”的功用扩展——兼论“到”时间位移义的虚化  

From the Predicate Phrase to the Hypothetical Mark:the Function Extension of“Dao Shihou(到时候)”——Grammaticalization of the Meaning of Time Motion of“Dao(到)”

作　　者：李怡祺 LI Yi-qi(International College of Chinese Studies,Shanghai Normal University,Shang Hai,200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学对外汉语学院,上海200234

出　　处：《贵州工程应用技术学院学报》2025年第1期18-25,共8页Journal of Guizhou University Of Engineering Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国语言学史”(分类多卷本),项目编号:16ZDA206。

摘　　要：现代汉语中,“到时候”有三种不同的语义解读:述宾短语“到时候”表示“约定时间已到”;介宾短语“到时候”表示“将来某一时间”;假设标记“到时候”表示“假设在这一情况下”。这三种语义表达体现了“到时候”从“现实时间的到达”到“心理时间的实现”再到“思维世界的映射”这一演化过程,同时也是“到”时间位移义的虚化过程,动作性逐渐减弱。“将来某一时间”的语义基础和未然语境的高频使用是“到时候”演化的重要因素。历时上看,“到+时间”结构的泛化和“到时”的凝固对“到时候”的固化产生影响,清代是“到时候”发展的主要时期。从共时和历时上看,“到时候”不同的语义表现都体现了“到”时间位移路径的扩展过程,“过去到现在→现在到将来→现在到假设”,虚化程度逐渐增强,功用也逐渐丰富。考察发现“到时候”有“指示时间、衔接推进、话题强化”三种功用。In modern Chinese,there are three different semantic interpretations of"Dao Shihou(到时候)":the predicate phrase“Dao Shihou(到时候)"means"the appointed time is up";The prepositional phrase"Dao Shihou(到时候)"means"sometime in the future";hypothetical mark"Dao Shihou(到时候)"means"suppose in this case".These three different semantic expressions reflect the evolution process of"Dao Shihou(到时候)"from"the arrival of real time"to"the realization of mental time"and then to"the mapping of the thinking world".At the same time,it is also the grammaticalization process of the meaning of time motion of"Dao(到)",and the action meaning gradually weakens.The semantic basis of"sometime in the future"and the high frequency of use of unintentional context are important factors in the evolution of"Dao Shihou(到时候)".From a diachronic point of view,the generalization of"Dao(到)+Time"structure and the solidification of"Dao Shi(到时)"had an impact on the solidification of"Dao Shihou(到时候)",and the Qing Dynasty was an important period for the development of"Dao Shihou(到时候)".In terms of synchronic and diachronic,the different semantic expression of"Dao Shihou(到时候)"reflects the expansion process of the time motion path of"Dao(到)","past to present→present to future→present to hypothesis",with gradually enhanced grammaticalization degree and gradually rich functions.It is found that"Dao Shihou(到时候)"has three functions of"indicating time,promoting cohesion and strengthening topic".

关 键 词：到时候 到 到时 时间位移 语用 语言演变 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]