朱熹对苏轼、王安石的讲述与杨慎、李贽的误读  

Zhu Xi’s Evaluation of Su Shi and Wang Anshi and the Misinterpretation of Yang Shen and Li Zhi

作　　者：刘振英 杨森涛 LIU Zhen-ying;YANG Seng-tao(School of Literature and History,Handan University,Handan,Hebei 056005,China;Hebei Education Examinations Authority,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]邯郸学院文史学院,河北邯郸056005 [2]河北省教育考试院,河北石家庄050000

出　　处：《贵州工程应用技术学院学报》2025年第1期84-90,共7页Journal of Guizhou University Of Engineering Science

基　　金：2022-2023年度河北省社会科学基金一般项目“宋人语录的语体特征与讲论艺术研究”,项目编号:HB22ZW009。

摘　　要：《朱子语类》是一部研究宋代人物的重要文献,朱熹对前代苏轼、王安石两位人物所作的重要评价见于此著。明代杨慎、李贽两位学问家对朱熹关于苏轼的评价颇有微词,认为朱熹的评价是因为苏轼嘲笑道学而为洛党出气,尽管苏轼文章名满天下,朱熹“违共是”而诋毁之,甚至认为苏轼当宰相,危害天下甚于安石。对王安石,杨、李则反对朱熹在《名臣录》赞誉王安石道德文章,认为朱熹的讲述“违共是而远人情”,更重要的是朱熹在讲述中没有强调王安石“倾覆社稷、引用奸邪”的罪过。梳理《朱子语类》《升庵全集》《焚书》以及相关《宋人笔记》等文献,不难发现,杨慎、李贽的观点是对《朱子语类》的误读。The Conversations of Master Chu is an important classic for the study of the figures in the Song Dynasty.Zhu Xi’s important discussions and evaluations on Su Shi and Wang Anshi,the two figures in the Northern Song Dynasty,can be found in The Conversations of Master Chu.Yang Shen and Li Zhi,the two scholars in the Ming Dynasty,had some criticism on Zhu Xi’s evaluation.For Su Shi,Yang and Li thought that Zhu Xi’s evaluation was to take it out on the Luo Dang(the academic school in Luoyang)because Su Shi ridiculed Taoism.Although Su Shi’s articles were famous in the world,Zhu Xi was“against what everyone thinks is right”and denigrated him,and even thought that Su Shi was a prime minister,endangering the world more than Wang Anshi.For Wang Anshi,Yang and Li objected to Zhu Xi’s praise of Wang Anshi’s moral articles in Records of Words and Deeds of Eminent Officials of Song Dynasty,arguing that Zhu Xi’s narration was“against what everyone thinks is right and far from human feelings”,and more importantly,Zhu Xi did not emphasize Wang Anshi’s sin of“overturning the country and appointing the treacherous prime minister”in the narration.Through sorting out the literature such as The Conversations of Master Chu,The Complete Works of Sheng’an,A Book to Burn,and the related Notes of the Song Dynasty,the paper find that the views of Yang Shen and Li Zhi are misinterpretations of The Conversations of Master Chu.

关 键 词：朱熹 讲述 杨慎 李贽 苏轼 王安石 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]